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Title: Sickle Cell Anemia
Description: A great 4 page sickle cell anemia essay including all the main components, history, facts about the disease. This essay is good for a 9th or 10th grader.
Description: A great 4 page sickle cell anemia essay including all the main components, history, facts about the disease. This essay is good for a 9th or 10th grader.
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Sickle Cell Anemia
SickleCell Anemia is an inherited, chronic blood disease in which the body produces
abnormally shaped red blood cells
...
Also, these unusual “sickle” cells
block blood pathways to the limbs and organs, limiting the amount of blood flowing throughout
the body
...
Unfortunately, however,
when sufferers are born with this disease, they live life knowing it is incurable
...
The first time Sickle cell anemia was mentioned in literature was what we call its discovery in
1910 in America
...
James B
...
Herrick was a cardiologist and not too interested in Noel’s
case so he assigned a resident, Dr
...
Irons examined Noel’s blood under
the microscope and saw red blood cells he described as “having the shape of a sickle”
...
He subsequently published a paper in one of the medical journals in which he
used the term “sickle shaped cells”
...
In 1949, two articles appeared independently showing
conclusively that SCD was inherited and that people with sickle trait were heterozygous (carriers
or AS) for the gene whereas people with the disease were homozygous – i
...
, had a double dose
of the gene (SS)
...
E
...
Beet
...
The other was by Dr
...
Neel, Chairman and founder of the Department of
Human Genetics at the University of Michigan
...
If a person has sickle cell Anemia, the symptoms will be shown after 4 to 6 month of their birth
...
Early symptoms of
SCD may include:Painful swelling of the hands and feet, known as dactylitis, Fatigue or
fussiness from anemia, A yellowish color of the skin, known as jaundice, or whites of the eyes,
known as icterus,that occurs when a large number of red cells hemolyze
...
Most of the signs
and symptoms of SCD are related to complications of the disease
...
Understanding the knowledge of the pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Anemia is very important
for the doctors who want to find a cure to this disease
...
Sickle haemoglobin differs in physical shape from the normal
haemoglobin, with a curved sickleshaped rather than flatdisc shaped cells
...
As a result of this,
the cells are more likely to hemolyse and cause blockages in the blood vessels that disrupt the
flow of blood
...
The size and changes of the spleen of a child
with SCA is physically examined and measured by doctors as well
...
To diagnose a person with Sickle Cell Anemia doctors, doctors have to do a blood test
a blood
test can check for hemoglobin S — the defective form of hemoglobin that underlies sickle cell
anemia
...
But older children and adults can be tested, too
...
The hemoglobin from this blood is
then analyzed in special labs
...
If a baby is found to have SCD, health providers from a
special followup newborn screening group contact the family directly to make sure that the
parents know the results
...
Newborn screening programs also find out whether the baby has an abnormal hemoglobin trait
...
HbSC disease is a
milder sickling disorder
...
In the HbC mutation,
lysine replaces glutamic acid in position 6 on the beta chain
...
The RBCs
contain 50% HbS and 50% HbC
...
Symptoms of HbSC disease are similar to SCD but less frequent and less severe
...
Some patients, however, can
remain without symptoms for years, while others do not survive infancy or early childhood
...
Back in 1970s, people who were diagnosed with sickle cell anemia would mostly live up to 14
years only
...
Hemoglobin consists of four protein subunits, typically, two subunits called alphaglobin and
two subunits called betaglobin
...
Various versions of betaglobin result from different mutations in the
HBB gene
...
Other mutations in the
HBB gene lead to additional abnormal versions of betaglobin such as
hemoglobin C (HbC) and hemoglobin E (HbE)
...
In people with sickle cell disease, at least one of the betaglobin subunits in hemoglobin is
replaced with hemoglobin S
...
In other types of sickle
cell disease, just one betaglobin subunit in hemoglobin is replaced with hemoglobin S
...
For example, people with sicklehemoglobin C (HbSC) disease have hemoglobin molecules with
hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C instead of betaglobin
...
Abnormal versions of betaglobin can distort red blood cells into a sickle shape
...
Sometimes the
inflexible, sickleshaped cells get stuck in small blood vessels and can cause serious medical
complications
...
The doctor might be a hematologist (a doctor
with special training in blood diseases) or an experienced general pediatrician, internist, or
family practitioner
...
Doctors will also track a
person’s blood pressure
...
Oxygen saturation testing provides
information about how much oxygen the blood is carrying
...
Blood tests help to establish a person’s baseline for problems like anemia
...
Urine testing can help to detect early kidney problems or infections
...
A person without SCD donates their bone marrow to an infected person, and
the new bone marrow will start to produce healthy blood cells again
...
Signs of stroke include seizures, weakness or
numbness of your arms and legs, sudden speech difficulties, and loss of consciousness
...
A
stroke can be fatal
...
In sickle cell anemia, blood
is also chronically low on oxygen
...
Organ damage can be fatal
...
Sickle
cell anemia can cause open sores, called ulcers on your legs
Title: Sickle Cell Anemia
Description: A great 4 page sickle cell anemia essay including all the main components, history, facts about the disease. This essay is good for a 9th or 10th grader.
Description: A great 4 page sickle cell anemia essay including all the main components, history, facts about the disease. This essay is good for a 9th or 10th grader.