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Year 10 IGCSE Biology
Lesson 1 & 2: Characteristics of
living things
Targets
1
...
2
describe the common features shared
by organisms within the following
main groups, plants, animals, fungi,
bacteria, protoctists and viruses, and
for each group describe examples and
their features as follows (details of life
cycle and economic importance are
not required)
...
To remember these processes meet
our little blue woman MRS
...
Animals move from place to place
...
S = SENSITIVITY
Living things notice and react to changes in
their surroundings
...
R = RESPIRATION
Living things need energy to carry out the
functions that keep them alive
...
E = EXCRETION
Living things have to get rid of unwanted
waste products
...
G = GROWTH
Living things grow, increasing in size and
complexity
...
(5mins)
Classification is sorting out all organisms into
groups according to the similarities between
them
...
Animals
Jellyfish, worms, arthropods, molluscs,
echinoderms, amphibians, fish,
reptiles, birds and mammals
...
arthropod
4]Butterfly is an example of an ______
5] molluscs have shells
______
classification
6]____ is sorting organisms into groups
...
________
Plants: seed bearing or non seed
bearing
• All plants:
• Multicellular: made of
many cells
• Contain chlorplasts
• Carry out photosynthesis
• Contain cell walls made of
cellulose
• Make starch
Bacteria are single celled
organisms
• Bacteria cells are about 1/1000th the size of animal or
plant cells (very small and single celled)
cell membrane
cytoplasm
flagellum
DNA
no nucleus,
DNA is one
long strand
kept in the
cytoplasm
(nucleoid)
cell wall
slime capsule
Plasmid: ring of DNA
Bacteria
• Small, single celled
• Cell wall: protection, made of polysaccharides
and proteins
• Capsule: extra layer on some bacteria
• Cell membrane and cytoplasm
• Some swimming bacteria contain flagella
• Plasmids: rings of DNA
• Feeding: some contain chlorophyll, others feed
on dead and decaying matter (decomposers)
Viruses are not classified as living
things as they are not made of cells
• Viruses are very small, approximately 100nm
across (1nm = 1/1000 000 of a mm)
10nm
proteins of the
virus coat
RNA
cross section of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Viruses reproduce by invading
other cells
White blood cell (lymphocyte)
6
...
Virus cores
are made in the
cytoplasm
1
...
Virus RNA
enters cell
3
...
Nucleus
makes copies of
the virus RNA
Viruses
• Are parasites
• Smaller than bacteria
• They dont feed, respire, move, grow or
respond to their surroundings
The main body of a fungus is the
mycelium, which is made of hyphae
• Fungal cells have cell walls made of substances
such as chitin
mushroom
sporangium containing spores
spores produced here
Mucor
hyphae of mushroom
mycelium
growing on
moist bread
hyphae of Mucor
mycelium:
Secrete digestive
enzymes
Fungi
• Can be multicellular or unicellular
• Never contain chloroplasts
• The main body of most fungi is made up of fine, branching,
usually colourless threads called hyphae
...
• Reproduce by forming spores
• Cell walls are made of chitin
• May store carbohydrate as glycogen
Homework
• Create a factsheet
• Chose a bacteria or virus
...
• Insure to identify how it has specifically
affected a population
Targets
1
...
2
• describe the common features shared by
organisms within the following main
groups, plants, animals, fungi, bacteria,
protoctists and viruses, and for each group
describe examples and their features as
follows (details of life cycle and economic
importance are not required)