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Larger, eukaryotic cells,
each with a nucleus,
they have histones,
introns and 80S
ribosomes
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Tiny, prokaryotes with no nucleus
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They have proteins similar to
histones, some introns and 70S
ribosomes
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TAXONOMY
Organisms are all classified into three domains:
archaea, Eubacteria and Eukaryota
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Eukaryota

Eukaryota

Animalia

Plantae

Chordata

Coniferophyta

Mammalia

Eubacteria

Giant Redwood

Viruses are not classified by domains because they
are not considered to be living organisms
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Recognition features of several large
phyla are shown here:

EUBACTERIA

Porifera: sponges
No clear symmetry
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Pores
through body
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Prokaryotes with no nucleus,
histones or introns
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Cnidaria: Jellyfish

There are four main phyla of plants, they can be easily distinguished by studying
their external structure:
Bryophytes (mosses)

Filicinophytes (ferns)

Radially symmetric
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Mouth but no anus
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They have roots, leaves and short nonwoody stems
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Flat bodies
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Mouth but no anus
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g
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Their leaves curl up in a bud and divide
into leaflet pairs (pinnate)
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Spores are produced in a capsule; this
capsule develops at the end of a stalk
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Spores produced in the sporangia on
the underside of leaves
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Bristles often present
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Mouth and anus
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Have an exoskeleton
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Jointed appendages
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Almost all chordates have a backbone consisting of
vertebrae
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Recognition features of the five
major classes of vertebrate are shown here:

Reptiles: Lizards

Bony ray-finned fish:

Birds: Blue Tit
Feathers growing from skin
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Wings instead of front
legs
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Beak but no
teeth
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Usually have roots, leaves and stems
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Gills with a single
gill slit
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Swim bladder
for buoyancy
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Stems of shrubs and trees are woody
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Vascular tissue present
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Shell usually present
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Mouth and anus
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Seeds develop from ovules inside the
ovaries of flowers
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Males cones produce pollen
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Chordata: Bony Fish
Notochord
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Pharyngeal gill slits
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Dry scaly impermeable skin
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Internal fertilisation
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One type of teeth
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Lungs with small
Hairs growing from the skin
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External fertilisation in water
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Give birth to live young
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Larval stage lives in glands secrete milk
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water

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