Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: Anatomy AP Notes
Description: A Complete Overview of AP Level Anatomy in Biology
Description: A Complete Overview of AP Level Anatomy in Biology
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
AP Biology Anatomy Independent Study Assignment
MEA/Thanksgiving/Winter Break/Student-Paced
EXAM: JAN
...
You would be WISE
to try to do one per week and NOT have to do all on your break/s
...
If you want to AVOID working during your breaks, plan around the breaks/calendar dates
...
http://www
...
com/anatomy-and-physiology-introduction
1
...
Anatomy-structure, physiology-function
2
...
How is regulation of home temperature a negative feedback loop? A negative feedback loop is a type of selfregulating system where increased output from the system inhibits future production by the system
...
What is the body’s “thermostat”? hypothalamus
5
...
6 degrees
6
...
Parts that make up a whole of a house or an organism
7
...
List the 4 types of human tissues:
a
...
muscle
c
...
connective
9
...
What are the 2 layer types? Simple and stratified
11
...
Distinguish smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle
...
What is the function of nervous tissue? Send signals throughout body
!1
14
...
Epithelial= covering, muscle= movement, nervous=
signals, connective= all the rest or loose or dense connective, help hold things together
Homeostasis Hugs 8:35 Min
http://www
...
com/homeostasis-hugs
1
...
Explain countercurrent heat exchange as described in the “moose example”
...
In order
to maintain the heat the wrap the artiereis and vains together so that the heat moves back up to the body before
it goes to the extremities
...
What “hugs” occur in the lungs? What is being exchanged? Where? Trying to maintain oxygen inside the body,
oxygen is being transferred, in the alveoli
4
...
What is the role of the kidney? Identify the 4 features
...
What structure in the kidney is the “end” of the capillary blood flow? glomerulus
7
...
Large particles exchange occurs through “hugs” in the loop of ___henley_______
...
Countercurrent gas exchange happens in the ___gills______ of fish
...
Fish operculum in the gills expose water to the lamella
...
11
...
of
Homeostatic Loops 8:51
http://www
...
com/homeostatic-loops
1
...
Where is the “thermostat” of the human body? Hypothalamus
3
...
If the body temperature is off how does it cool? Warm up? Both depending on if its cold or warm
5
...
What is the role of muscles and capillaries in temperature control? Muscles=shivers to warm up… capillaries=
constrict or hold heat closer to body
7
...
What should normal body temperature be? 37 degrees Celsius
9
...
Why is glucose regulation important? Casue glucose is the fuel of cells
11
...
What senses blood glucose levels? pancreas
!2
13
...
What cells produce insulin? Pancreas
15
...
What protein takes in glucose? GLUT
17
...
What happens if blood glucose goes too low? Glucogon will be secreated
19
...
Blood calcium is the third homeostatic loop in the body
...
10mg/100mL blood is set point for calcium
...
If blood calcium is too high what is secreted? By what gland? Thyroid secretes calcitonin
...
What happens in the kidney in response? In the bones? In the kidney= it will release the it, or it will be deposited
into the bones
24
...
Intestine pulls more calcium out of food;
kidney holds calcium; bone releases calcium
...
What is osmolarity? What should osmolarity of the blood be? 300 milliOsmols/liter
26
...
What happens in dehydration? The osmolality goes way up cause not enough water to be solvent
28
...
What chemical does the pituitary produce in response to dehydration? ADH or anti dieretic hormone
30
...
Why does urine look yellow? Cause holding onto water so pee very concentrated
32
...
bozemanscience
...
Organs work together in an organ __system_________
...
What do kidneys do? Filters our blood
3
...
Blood that comes into the kidney eventually moves to capillaries that dump into the “dead end” __glomerulus
_________
...
Where does filtrate from the glomerulus move to—identify 3 structures? Urinary system, filtrate , proximal
tubular and ureter
6
...
The kidneys and bladder working together comprise an _____organ________ ____system________
...
Respiratory system works to take in oxygen in the small __alveoli____________ structures in the lungs
...
9
...
10
...
Write a brief summary for the purpose of each body system in the space provided below
...
Excretory: kidney, Blatter, ureter, filters blood
Endocrine: many glands that secrete hormones, pineial, petuatrary ect
...
Integumentary: hair, skin, nails, protection
Skeletal: basically for support and protection,
Muscular: attaches to skeletal and helps with movement
!
Comparative Anatomy: What Makes Us Animals - Crash Course Biology #21 8:51
http://www
...
com/watch?v=7ABSjKS0hic&list=SP3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=21
12
...
What characteristics place animals into a similar classification group?
a
...
heterotrophs
c
...
What term describes similar traits that arise from different evolutionary lines? Convergent evolution
15
...
Why was Huxley called Darwin’s “bulldog”? cause he was passionate for the Darwinism views
17
...
All organisms come from the same evolutionary origins/share anatomical structures and are built from the same
rudimentary _______blueprint________
...
Cells form tissues
...
What term describes tissues working together? Organs
21
...
Which organism was “in it to win it”? What is meant by this statement? The sponge
!
Digestion:
Digestive System 9:39
http://www
...
com/digestive-system
1
...
List the 4 types of feeders
...
How is a hole in the donut like the digestive system? Moves through you but not inside of you
4
...
What are the 4 polymer/macromolecule groups? Carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
!5
6
...
What enzyme in the mouth starts to break down starch? Anykase
8
...
What structure prevents food from entering our trachea/lungs? Epiglottis
10
...
The stomach muscles grind up nothing making noise
11
...
12
...
Parietal cells produce _HCL____ acid
...
14
...
15
...
What does bile contain? Bile salts
16
...
What is meant by “emulsification”? The surrounding of lipids making the smaller and more soluble
18
...
The pancreas is a ____Gland ____________
...
Enzymes break down ___bulk_______ food
...
The next 2 sections of the small intestine are the __jejunum__________ and ___ileum_________
...
Food moves like a __maze__________ down the small intestine
...
Where does food first start to be absorbed? Jejunum
24
...
Movement of food into the
body occurs through both diffusion and _____active __________ ____transport ___________
...
The colon both absorbs _water_____________ from waste and has ___bacteria________ to release vitamins from
food
...
What are the 3 segments of colon called? Appendix, decedning colon and yeah
27
...
28
...
Very large strucuter so that it can break down leaves slowly with bacteria
29
...
youtube
...
What body system is the first to form in an embryo? digestive
2
...
3
...
4
...
Why do herbivores take such a long time for digestion? Grass has a lot of celluouse which takes a while to break
down
6
...
What is the “secret” to successful digestion? Is maximizing surface area
8
...
Where does most digestion occur? The small intestine
10
...
What is the total surface area of the small intestines? 250 m2
12
...
What is the role of salivary amylase? It is used to
14
...
How does food travel from the mouth to the stomach? What structure?
16
...
Involuntary muscular movement of food down the esophagus is called __peristalsis_______________
...
What is the stomach described as the digestive system’s cement mixer? Because it contracts and expands by
mixing everything and what not
19
...
What does mucus do for the stomach? It is there to protect the stomach so that it doesn’t digest itself
21
...
Liquid slop aka Diathermia
22
...
What are sphincters? On the edges of the stomach and regulates the amount of chy me that gets into it
24
...
Why is absorption high in the small intestine? Cause it has a massive surface area
26
...
5 to 10
...
What tissue lines the small intestine? villi
28
...
Villi have very small micro villi
29
...
What is the cecum? The beginning of the large intestine
31
...
What is the purpose of the appendix? It is used to act as a safe house for all the good bacteria
33
...
Pooping
34
...
bozemanscience
...
What is the role of the circulatory system? The circulatory system moves oxygen in co2 out and delivers blood to
the body
2
...
Open is a bug when it has blood mixed with other
fluids and closed is us where our blood is within veins within our own body
3
...
How many chambers are there in the heart of a fish? Two chambers
5
...
!
6
...
Why wouldn’t this system work as well in land animals? Cause much less atmospheric pressure on land
!8
How many chambers are represented in this diagram? Three chambers of a land animal
8
...
Label the loops on the diagram above
...
What are the 3 chambers in the heart? Label these on the diagram
...
Blood here is described as red and blue
...
Four chamber heart animals have evolved to have a modification to the 3 chamber heart organisms
...
How many loops are there in the 4 chamber heart organisms? Same amount 2
14
...
What is the term for warm blooded? Mammals
16
...
What 3 vessels are included?
Arteries arterials and capillaries
17
...
How do you need to recognize the orientation of the heart for purposes of identification/labeling? Left of
picture= right and visa versa
19
...
Is this blood oxygenated or deoxygenated? Deoxygenated
21
...
What lower chamber is the blood in next? The right ventricle
23
...
Where does blood pick up oxygen? The lungs
24
...
How is the pulmonary artery DIFFERENT from any other artery? Has deoxygenated blood leaving the heart,
26
...
How is this vessel DIFFERENT than any other veins? Idk wtf
28
...
Which atrium does the blood enter from the lungs? The left fucking atrium these are all the fucking same
30
...
Where does the blood go from the left ventricle? Through what valve? Stop this madenss read above
32
...
Describe the path of blood through the blood vessels, starting with the arteries
...
Which vessels are under most pressure? arterys and the veins
35
...
No its always blue
36
...
Arteries leave the heart, veins bring blod back into heart
37
...
What role do muscles have in moving blood? Help move blood back to the heart
!10
39
...
What makes up the fluid plasma of blood? That’s the plasma,
41
...
Why do ventricles have more muscle than the atria? Cause it has to push it into muscle or into the body
43
...
How does that initial electrical signal travel along the heart? Down the heart to the bottom then back flowing up
to the ventricl
45
...
Heart is a muscle that needs oxygen and nutrients
...
What happens during a heart attack? blockage
Circulatory & Respiratory Systems - CrashCourse Biology #27 11:40
http://www
...
com/watch?v=9fxm85Fy4sQ&list=SP3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=27
!
1
...
2
...
What is the advantage of having lungs for gas exchange? Its much more efficient
4
...
Why are lungs able to absorb so much oxygen? Because they have a ton of surface area
6
...
How many alveoli are found in the average human lung? 300 million
8
...
!11
9
...
10
...
11
...
12
...
The fluids, including air,
flow from high to low pressure, or as pressure goes down air flows _from high to low pressure ____
...
When the diaphragm relaxes, the pressure inside the lungs is higher than the air outside so the air flows _
__in___
...
The circulatory system moves _____blood__________ into/out of the lungs
...
Oxygenated blood moves ________out_ the lungs and deoxygenated blood moves ______into______ the lungs
...
The heart’s job is to ____power____________ the circulatory system
...
Label the circulatory circuit below: never
!
!
18
...
Label the vessels on the diagram below: arteries are muscular and thick walled on the left veins on the right
!
20
...
What is the difference between the superior and inferior vena cava’s? inferior is the lower body and superior is
the upper body
22
...
Arteries flow ____away__________ from the heart; Veins flow __into__________ the heart
...
What does the term pulmonary mean? Means of the lungs
25
...
Explain what is meant by organisms being “endotherms”
...
How do they differ from ectotherms? Cool clouded animals
28
...
29
...
30
...
bozemanscience
...
What is the function of the respiratory system? The respiratory system is to take in oxygen and to rid of CO2
2
...
When did the first successful climb to peak of Everest occur? When without oxygen tanks? They do that to move
up and down so that the body accommodates to the lack of oxygen
4
...
In each, there must be _______moist______ skin and ___huge________ large surface area
...
Fish use gills for gas exchange
...
7
...
!13
8
...
How efficient are fish at absorbing oxygen? 80%
10
...
What tube leads to the lungs? The trachea
12
...
13
...
Lungs have the surface area of a ____tennis court_______________ ______________
...
Alveoli are covered in single layer of cells
...
What do surfactants in the lungs do? To lubricate it so it doesn’t close up
17
...
What are hiccups? Hiccups are a smapsm in the diaphragm muscle
19
...
When the diaphragm muscle pulls down it is _______flattening ____________
...
When the muscle moves back/up it ___reforms its arc shape___________
...
What are the red blood cells shown here moving through? They are moving through the capillaries
!
23
...
What makes red blood cells red? The iron that is rusing from the hemoglobin
!14
25
...
In what form is CO2 carried in blood plasma for return to the capillaries? Converts it to bicarbonate e
27
...
bozemanscience
...
What are the 3 types of muscle? Function of each? Skeletal= helps us move, smooth=involuntary muscle, cardiac=
only found in heart
29
...
What is a sarcomere? What two chemicals are found within a sarcomere? One unit of a muscle with two
chemicals Actin and Myosin
31
...
!
!
!
32
...
33
...
What is role of calcium in muscle contraction? Calcium breaks down the barrier into actin providing access
35
...
Calcium is
needed
...
What does ATP do for the functionality of the myosin head? It provides energy for it to slide along the actin
37
...
What is Paul Anderson showing in his visual here: who cares, but he is describing the walking/sliding motion of the
myosin
!
39
...
What is the picture shown here?
!
41
...
Where are the actin and myosin in the picture above? Actin is the blue nad myosin is attached along the middle
vertically
43
...
Explain what has happened to the sarcomere before/after in the diagrams below: myosin is pulling the actin
apart when a muscle is being flexed
...
youtube
...
What are the two things muscles do? Muscles contract and relax
2
...
What are ligaments and tendons? Ligaments= bone to bone, tendon= bone to muscle
4
...
Strings of muscle are called ___Muscle Fascicles ____________
...
Each fascicle is made of muscle fibers or ___thin strands ___________
...
Each muscle cell is made of multiple cells with many ____nuclei __________
...
Define Myo/Sarco Myo= muscle sarco= flesh
9
...
Myofilaments include ______actin___________ and ___myosin______________
...
At rest, are myosin and actin touching? None
12
...
Label the elements of the sliding filaments shown here: Calcium iions changes shape of protein so that myosin
can grab actin and slide it along to atrackt eachother
...
What are the “chaperones” that keep actin and myosin from interacting? This is the tropomyosin and troponin
15
...
Label the diagram below: sarcoplasmic reticulum that has calcium pumps that create a concentration gradient of
calcium
!
17
...
What is needed to detach the myosin and actin? Takes another ATP molecule
19
...
youtube
...
Label the two main components of the nervous system: Blue is the central nervous system and red is the
pheriphereal nervous systm
!
2
...
What do afferent neurons do in the central nervous system? Efferent? See above
4
...
What type of response has the spinal cord make decisions instead of the brain?
6
...
Which is”flight or fight”? making one more alert for winning stuff
8
...
What term refers to the body’s balance? Homeostasis
10
...
Which structure receives signals? Dendrites
12
...
What is saltatory conduction? The moving of signals from one node to the other
14
...
What is a membrane potential? Electrical charge differing on the inside and outside of the membrane
16
...
On the diagram here, identify how the sodium potassium pump creates a membrane potential
...
What is a neuron called when it is inative? What is its membrane potential or volatage at that point? 70mv is the
resting potential
19
...
What is a neuron called when it does become active? What happens to the voltage of the membrane at this
point? Action potantial is where the voltage rapidly rises and falls
21
...
A spike in the
voltage across the membrane of the nerves and then there is a n undershoot until it evens out at the 70mv said
above
22
...
This signal of changing voltage travels down the neuron like a _wave ____________
...
What happens when a signal reaches the end of a neuron? Triggers the release of neuro transmitter
!19
25
...
How does the internal charge change at this point? How do K+ ions reverse the charge? Its poitive on the inside so
the potassium channels open up allowing the potassium ot flow out restoring balance
Sensory System 10:32
http://www
...
com/sensory-system
1
...
2
...
Describe an action potential as shown in the graph
...
How do action potentials vary between two different stimuli such as a quiet vs
...
How many senses do humans have? Why is this an underestimation?5 but there is balance and temperature
6
...
Where do odors dock? Olfactory sytem
8
...
How is an image received? Light is bent and projected to the back of your eye (upside down) and the npotentials
will carry the image to the bran which eventually turns it right side up
!20
Label the eye diagram with the concepts of vision/perception here: Never
10
...
What distinguishes rods and cones? Cones sense color to the middle of their sneses, rods is low light such as
balack and white
12
...
Gets low light and sends signal to breain via
action potaentials
!
13
...
What happens when we respond to bright light exposure after being in the dark? All the rhodospin is changing
conformation at one time and sends a ton of action potentials to the brain
15
...
What is the function of each of the following parts of the ear?
Pinna the acual ear poortion that funnels noice into the body
Ear drum get vibrated by sound waves
Oval window amplify the osund waves sits on the cochlea
Cochlea senses hearing and looks a lot like a snail
Semicircular canals contain fluid and helos us maintian balance
!
17
...
Why can a whale detech such low sounds? Why do dogs hear higher pitch? Whales have cochlear that happen to
be very large aread and dogs have the opposite (small )
Skeletal System:
Skeletal System 7:58
http://www
...
com/skeletal-system
1
...
What is molting? The shedding of ones exopskeleton because it is old or too wsmall or outgrown
3
...
4
...
The inside of bone is _____spongy ______________bone
...
5
...
Distinguish these in terms of function
...
Label bone diagram
...
Capillaries feed the bone with _____nutrients ________
...
Summarize the function of the skeletal system: Support, movement, blood, storeage, hoemostasis
!
9
...
What do bones need to move? Muscles
11
...
What are the 5 general types of bone and examples of each? Ball and socket= shoulders, cnadyloid=wrist, saddle=
thumb, hinge= fngers, pivot= elbows
13
...
14
...
15
...
Marrow in bone produces ________blood ___________
...
What types of stem cells are found in marrow? Multipole potent
18
...
What role does the skeletal system have in homeostasis? This helps regulate the blood and calcioum levels
20
...
Bone is connected directly to the ____circulatory _____________ system, allowing for quick nutrient exchange
...
youtube
...
What vital role does the skeletal system serve? Motion and protection, makes blood and can repair itself
2
...
3
...
Why types of organisms have a hydrostatic skeleton? Jellies and worms
5
...
What type of skeleton do mollusks have? Made of what? Exoskeleton shells made of calcium carbonate
7
...
Why is the advantage of endoskeletons? Allows them to grow large while still supporting them
9
...
Do teeth count as bone? Explain
...
What is osteology? This is the study of bones
12
...
What bodies were major sources to his practice? Criminals
14
...
15
...
Explain ossification
...
About 2/3’s of bone is _proteins ______________
...
18
...
!23
Label parts of the bone shown
...
!
20
...
Explain function of parts of bone shown in diagram below
...
Describe how bone grows in a child
...
What role does the pituitary gland have in bone growth? This slows the bone lengthening
24
...
About 10% of __skeleton
______________ is broken down and completely regrown
...
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts work as ”__frenemies _______________________”
...
Parathyroids serve what function in bone growth/repair? Signals osteoclasts to move calcium form bone to blood
27
...
Why is vitamin D good for bones? Helps absorb vitamin D through the Small intestine
29
...
youtube
...
Define homeostasis
...
What major organs are present in the excretory system? Bladder, kidney, ureter, urethrae
3
...
Define osmoregulation
...
What is ammonia a by-product of? Helps breakdown proteins
!24
6
...
Animals that can’t store a large amount of water don’t produce urea
...
What percent of kidney fluids actually end up as urine? Roughly 1%
9
...
Label the structure below: Nephron
!
11
...
How does blood from the heart enter the kidneys? Renal arteries to the capilarreis
13
...
!
Big ball of capillaries
14
...
Label the glomerulus on the
diagram above
...
What enables the glomerulus to squeeze 20% fluids out of the blood/capillaries? High pressure
16
...
This fluid is no longer called blood, but instead ___filtrate __________________
...
What size are the particulates in this fluid generally? What particles do NOT get filtered out in the glomerulus?
Small particulates within the fluid big ones don’t get filtered out
19
...
Label the tube to the RIGHT of the Bowman’s capsule in the diagram below
...
Label the diagram below with capillaries, glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of
Henle, distal convoluted tubule
...
Glucose and amino acids are
absorbed in the proximal convluluted tubule
!
22
...
Numerous things
combine knowledge from the above pictures
!
23
...
Where does most absorption happen in the kidneys? Loop of henle
25
...
The descending
loop is permeable to water, the ascending loop is not
...
Where is the filtrate most “salty”? medulla
27
...
What is the effect of alcohol on kidney function? Which hormone is involved in the alcohol affect? Effects your
antidriaetiet hormone which keeps your medulla pourus causing you to pee out lots of water along with your urea
29
...
What muscle controls release of urine from the bladder? Sphincter
31
...
bozemanscience
...
Review the function of osmosis
...
What happens to cells in each of the following solutions: shrivel cause water leaves, stays the same, gets lysed
cause water rushed in
!
!
3
...
How are brine shrimp osmoregulators?
5
...
What happens to water flow in fresh water fish? Do they drink water? What is their urine like? Urine is very dilute
cause they don’t drink water and it flows through them via osmosis
7
...
How do humans osmoregulate? their kidney filters fluid and preps for disposal
9
...
From blood water and filtrates will move through the kidneys to form __urine ________ eventually
...
Why does water start to flow out in the descending tube/medulla of the kidney as shown here? Water is very
useful and can be reabsorbed to be used at other places in the body
!
12
...
13
...
What is the tubule called? Loop of henele
15
...
What is lost instead? How?
16
...
What is the work of the Loop of Henle for? To set up the gradient
18
...
This tube controls whether or not water is let out
...
Where is this hormone released from? Posterior pituitary
20
...
What happens if there is much water in the system? ADHD is decreaserd
22
...
youtube
...
What is the function of the endocrine system? Moves info from one end of the body to the other
2
...
Do plants have hormones? Yes
4
...
What distinguishes endocrine/exocrine glands? Keep secretions inside of the body whereas exocrine a secrete
outside e
6
...
Can any hormone bind to any cell? Explain
...
What is paracrine signaling? Example? Autocrine signaling? Example? Pancarine singnals degreade quickly,
testosterone… autocrine signals go from cell to cell
...
What are the 3 types of hormones? Steroids, peptides, monoamines
!28
10
...
Which are lipid soluble? Why is this important? See above for further details on this question
12
...
Label the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary glands here:
!
14
...
What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete? Function of each? Oxytocin= contraction of the rerus and
breast feeding, AD= kindeys retain water well
16
...
How is the thyroid functional as a negative feedback loop? It feedback to the thyroid and other glands
18
...
Which nervous system signals alarm/danger? The sympathetic system
20
...
What is ACTH? What hormone does it secrete? Epinehphginre gland
22
...
Why does your heart keep racing even after the danger passes?
24
...
What molecule regulates glucose? insulin
26
...
What does the pancreas do when your blood sugar is low? Releases glycogen and other neat-0 chemicals
28
...
What gland instructs the gonads? pituitary
30
...
Jost discovered that in the absence of gonad/hormones, bunnies were born _______female________
...
The “default setting” for mammalian embryos is make it ____female _________
...
What is an androgen? Function? Lowers voices and makes hair, more muscle, manly stuff
34
...
How do sex hormones affect our emotions? The drop f estrogen during menstruation defects the serotonin levels
but other than that we don’t know why they get so prissy
!
36
...
bozemanscience
...
What is a “no distance” cell communication example? Plasomesmata
2
...
What is a “long distance/large audience” example of cell communication? HGH
4
...
How is this immune response an example of no distance communication?
!
!
6
...
What chemicals are represented in the “dots” in the diagram to the right above? Neurotransmitter
8
...
Why does the body produce neurotransmitters such as beta-endorphin? Resemble the structure of beta endorphins
10
...
!
12
...
What happened to make the man [Robert Wadlow] on the right here a “pituitary giant”? he had a tumor that
pushed against his pituitary making it release way too much
!
!
Endocrine System 13:48
http://www
...
com/endocrine-system
1
...
Structures that send out chemical messengers in the endocrine system are called ____glands _______________
...
The chemicals sent out are called _______hormones ________; these are long distance communicators
...
These chemicals that are sent out are received by specific cells
...
What are the 2 types of hormones? Lipid and water soluable
6
...
What must the cell do then to send the signal of a water soluble hormone into the cell? Move into trandsudction
pathways
8
...
Why? They diffuse because they are soluable in it
!31
9
...
Label the “brain” glands and their functions here: pineal-meltorin, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary
!
11
...
Which glands are located in the neck region? Label these here, along with their function: thyroid lowers blood
levels, parathyroid, raises blood ca
!
13
...
Where is the pancreas located here?
!
!32
15
...
On the diagram above label the adrenal glands
...
the medulla of the kidneys?
17
...
Label the ovaries and testes on the diagram below:
!
19
...
What hormones are produced by the ovaries? Estrogen
21
...
What gland is involved in a goiter? Parathyroid
!
!
!
!33
Title: Anatomy AP Notes
Description: A Complete Overview of AP Level Anatomy in Biology
Description: A Complete Overview of AP Level Anatomy in Biology