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Title: Basic Chemistry
Description: A basic overview of basic chemistry from an Anatomy and Physiology module.
Description: A basic overview of basic chemistry from an Anatomy and Physiology module.
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Basic Chemistry
Objectives
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Define matter and name three different states of matter
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Explain the difference between atomic weight, atomic number and isotope
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Name the different types of bonding
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Explain what a hydrogen bond is
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Explain how positive and negative ions are formed
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The number of atoms in the world is
always constant; they cannot be made or destroyed
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- Liquid – has definite volume, but changes shape – more relaxed bondings,
usually covalent
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Mass: The amount of matter in an object – will never change
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g
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Elements: The simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties
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Body consists of four major elements:
- Oxygen (O) – 65%
- Carbon (C) – 18%
- Hydrogen (H) – 9%
- Nitrogen (N) – 3
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9% of the body and include:
- Calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), chlorine
(Cl), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I) and iron (Fe)
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o Zinc very important for immune system
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1% of the body
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Nucleus: formed by protons and neutrons
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Depending on the number of positive charges will decide on the atom
Atom models:
- Planetary model – electrons move around the nucleus in fixed circular orbits
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Atomic number = number of protons in each atom = number of electrons
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The first ring of electrons can take up to two electrons
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High hydrogen levels suppress the nervous system
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023x1023 number of atoms of an element
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Radioisotopes: atoms that undergo spontaneous decay called radioactivity
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Reactive elements: do not have their outermost energy level (ring) fully occupied by
electrons
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Taking or sharing electrons in the outermost shell forms bonds
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Na+ = lost an electron = electropositive
Na- = gained an electron = electronegative
Na2+ = lost two electrons
Ions: electrolytes = atoms that are charged + or -
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If the atom is charged -, it has gained an electron
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Covalent bonds: two atoms share electrons
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Fire breaks bonds of methane to create heat
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The bonds are weak
Title: Basic Chemistry
Description: A basic overview of basic chemistry from an Anatomy and Physiology module.
Description: A basic overview of basic chemistry from an Anatomy and Physiology module.