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Title: controlling and the system approach in organization system
Description: this note is more focusing on human resource subject and suitable for the student who taking the business and marketing course.
Description: this note is more focusing on human resource subject and suitable for the student who taking the business and marketing course.
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Learning outcomes
This chapter should enable the student to:
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Define the concept of the system approach and control
...
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Identify the different types of control
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Describe the steps in the control process
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The Systems Approach
What is a System?
A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces
a unified whole
...
Systems Approach
Posits that the performance of the whole is greater that the sum of the
performance of its parts
...
General Systems Theory
An area of study based on the assumptions that everything is part of a larger,
interdependent arrangement
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Identification of systems at various levels helps translate abstract systems theory
into more concrete terms
...
Open system
Something that depends on its surrounding environment for survival
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Affect that environment through their output and consist of internal subsystems
that transform inputs to outputs
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Types of Control
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Pre-control
Human resources; technology; materials;
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Concurrent control
Production and operation processes; retail
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capital; information
Post control
Final goods and services
Sources of control
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Individuals
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Groups
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The organization
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Stakeholders
and services processes
The control process
Types of performance standards
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Quantity standards
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Cost standards
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Time standards
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Quality standards
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Behavior standards
When to use a control measure
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Consider the cost-benefit model
Other factors:
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Innovation and adaptability
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Economic factors
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Behavioral factors
Financial controls
Financial controls are the techniques and procedures intended to prevent or correct the
misallocation of resources
Quality controls
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Total quality management (TQM)
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Quality circles
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Six Sigma
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Benchmarking
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Continuous improvement
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Reduced cycle time
The benefits of controlling
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Revise and update plans
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Standardize
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Employee performance appraisal
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Prevent problems and crises
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Protect the organization
The elements of a balanced scorecard
Title: controlling and the system approach in organization system
Description: this note is more focusing on human resource subject and suitable for the student who taking the business and marketing course.
Description: this note is more focusing on human resource subject and suitable for the student who taking the business and marketing course.