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SOME BASIC ONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
Important Concepts
Matter is the stuff from which our physical world is formed and presents us a various types of
materials which occupies space and posses mass
At macroscopic level, matter can be classified as mixtures or pure substances
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Pure substance have fixed composition
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02*10^23] atoms or
molecules is called a mole
One mole is the amount of substance that contains as many particles or entities as there are
atoms in exactly 12g[or0
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02*10^23 particles(NA)= NA atoms of elements= NA molecules of
substances=22
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02*10^23 H atoms
1 mole of water molecules=6
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02*10^23 formula units of sodium chloride
The mass of one mole of a substance in grams is called its molar mass
Molar mass of water = 18g/mol
Molar mass of sodium chloride= 58
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15)/5 = C/5 = (F-32 )/9
LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS
1
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Law of definite proportions
Proposed by: Joseph Proust
Verified by: Stars and Richard
Statement: A given compound always contain exactly the same proportion of elements by
weight OR the composition of a compound will be constant whatever be the methods which the
compound is formed
3
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Law of reciprocal proportion
Proposed by : Ritcher
Verified by:Stars
Statement: if 3 element A,Band C the element A and B unite in the ratio x:y by weight and A and
C unite in the ratio x:z by weight
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Gay Lussacs Law Of Gaseous Volume
Statement: when gases combine or are produced in a chemical reacton, they do so in a simple
ratio by volume provided
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WT
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Wt
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WT
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Wt
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WT
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Wt
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Wt
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Wt
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4
Normality equation=
N1V1=N2V2
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Methods of determining molecular weight/molecular mass
Molecular mass at STP= mass of 22