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DNA Replication:
⁃ How DNA replicates:
⁃ primary structure serves as a mold or template for synthesis of a complementary
strand
⁃ contains the info required for a copy of itself to be made
⁃ strand separates
⁃ base pairs w/ template
⁃ polymerization occurs
⁃ the original molecule is copied
⁃ parental strands serve as the templates for the daughter strands
⁃ maintains structural integrity of molecule
⁃ DNA is tightly coiled to save space in the nucleus
⁃ it’s wound around proteins called histones so that it can fit inside cell nuclei
⁃ in order for cells to access to this DNA it must unwind it to get access to certain
proteins
⁃ DNA a Catalytic Molecule?
⁃ DNA’s stability makes it a reliable store for genetic info (it is less reactive than
RNA but more resistant to chemical degradation)
⁃ stable molecules such as DNA make poor catalyst
⁃ Structure function relationships- DNA edition
3 chemical features of DNA & their functional significance
being “deoxy” allows for more chemical stability (b/c biological info is being stored you
want this to be stable & robust)
Phosphodiester bond is a covalent bond, & this makes the DNA “backbone” very stable
(preserves the “order” of the nucleotides, & therefore preserves the coding of info)
Hydrogen bonds of complementary nucleotides allow this to be split while replicating
(“easier” to access for repeated replication & or transcription; fidelity of complementary
nucleotides)
⁃ RNA
contains ribose sugars
contains uracil instead of thymine (uracil has a hydrogen (-H) where the thymine has a
methyl group (-CH3)
single RNA molecules can form complex structures
single-stranded region forms a loop
double-stranded region forms a double helix
RNA is structurally, chemically, & functionally, intermediate b/t DNA & proteins
like DNA, RNA can function as an info containing molecule, & is capable of selfreplication
RNA can function as a catalytic molecule (ribozymes are enzyme-like RNAs)
different types of RNA:
mRNA: messenger RNA (linear)
tRNA: transfer RNA (coiled up)
rRNA:
⁃ Nucleic Acids II (transcription & translation)
Key Concepts: Read online
Overview of Transcription:
first step in converting info into proteins in transcription, the synthesis of an mRNA
version of the instructions stored in DNA
RNA polymerase performs synthesis by transcribing only one
DNA is used as a template to be transcribed by RNA
Characteristics of RNA Polymerase:
eukaryotic promoters: eukaryotes have a diverse & complex series of promoters
many of the eukaryotic promoters include a unique sequence called the TATA box
promoter is just a specific sequence (it’s the same as a DNA sequence)