Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition
of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits
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Education frequently takes
place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves
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The methodology of teaching is
called pedagogy
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A right to education has been recognized by some governments, including at the global level: Article
13 of the United Nations' 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights recognizes a universal right to education
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In pre-literate societies this was achieved orally and through imitation
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As cultures
began to extend their knowledge beyond skills that could be readily learned through imitation, formal
education developed
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Matteo Ricci (left) and Xu Guangqi (right) in the Chinese edition of Euclid's Elements published in 1607

Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in Europe
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There, the great Library of Alexandria was built in the 3rd century BCE
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[6]
In China, Confucius (551-479 BCE), of the State of Lu, was the country's most influential ancient
philosopher, whose educational outlook continues to influence the societies of China and neighbors
like Korea, Japan and Vietnam
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[citation needed]
After the Fall of Rome, the Catholic Church became the sole preserver of literate scholarship in
Western Europe
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Some of these establishments ultimately evolved into medieval universities and
forebears of many of Europe's modern universities
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The medieval universities
of Western Christendom were well-integrated across all of Western Europe, encouraged freedom of
inquiry, and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Thomas
Aquinas of the University of Naples, Robert Grosseteste of theUniversity of Oxford, an early
expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation,[7] and Saint Albert the Great, a

pioneer of biological field research
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[9]
Elsewhere during the Middle Ages, Islamic science and mathematics flourished under the
Islamic caliphate which was established across the Middle East, extending from the Iberian
Peninsula in the west to the Indus in the east and to the Almoravid Dynasty and Mali Empire in the
south
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Around 1450,Johannes
Gutenberg developed a printing press, which allowed works of literature to spread more quickly
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Missionaries and scholars also brought back new ideas from
other civilisations — as with the Jesuit China missions who played a significant role in the
transmission of knowledge, science, and culture between China and Europe, translating works from
Europe like Euclid's Elements for Chinese scholars and the thoughts of Confucius for European
audiences
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In most countries today, full-time education, whether at school or otherwise, is compulsory for all
children up to a certain age
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[10]

Formal education
Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students
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Most school systems are designed
around a set of values or ideals that govern all educational choices in that system
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g
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[11][12]

Preschool

Young children in a kindergartenin Japan

Main article: Early childhood education
Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country,
when children enter primary
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Kindergarten ―provides[s] a childcentered, preschool curriculum for three- to seven-year-old children that aim[s] at unfolding the
child's physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them
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In general, primary education consists of six to eight years of schooling starting at the age
of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries
...
[14] Under
the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving
universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory
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Some education systems have separate middle schools, with
the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen
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Primary schools are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school
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Various
states in the republic of India provide 12 years of compulsory school education based on a
national curriculum framework designed by the National Council of Educational Research and
Training
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It is characterized by transition from the typically
compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary,
"postsecondary", or "higher" education (e
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university, vocational school) for adults
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The exact meaning
of any of these terms varies from one system to another
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Secondary education occurs mainly during the
teenage years
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The
purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education,
or to train directly in a profession
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In order to meet
this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills
that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work
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Secondary education has a longer history in Europe, where grammar schools or academies date
from as early as the 16th century, in the form of public schools, fee-paying schools, or charitable
educational foundations, which themselves date even further back
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They provide
nonresidential junior college courses to people living in a particular area
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Tertiary education is normally taken to
include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training
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Collectively, these are sometimes known
as tertiary institutions
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Higher education typically involves work towards a degree-level or foundation degree qualification
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Higher education is therefore very important to
national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and
educated personnel for the rest of the economy
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Universities are generally
composed of several colleges
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A number of career
specific courses are now available to students through the Internet
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"[15] Although what is known today as liberal arts education began in Europe,[16] the term
"liberal arts college" is more commonly associated with institutions in the United States
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Main article: Vocational education
Vocational education is a form of education focused on direct and practical training for a specific
trade or craft
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