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Chapter 4 Tissues Notes

Epithelial Tissue
1
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Covers body surfaces
3
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Basement membrane: extracellular material; supports and guides during tissue repair;
attaches epithelial tissue to underlying tissue
4
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Nonvascular: gases and nutrients reach epithelium by diffusion; most metabolically active cells
are close to the basement membrane
6
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4
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Protecting underlying structures: epidermis; oral cavity
Acting as a barrier: skin
Permitting passage of substances: O2 and CO2; filter in kidney
Secreting substances: mucous/sweat glands; pancreas
Absorbing substances: carrier proteins regulate absorption

Classification of Epithelial Tissues
1
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Stratified epithelium
3
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Squamous: flat/scalelike
2
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Columnar: columns

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shapes of cells at free surface

Types of Epithelium and Locations
Simple Squamous Epithelium: lining of blood vessels and the heart; lymphatic vessels and small
ducts; alveoli of lungs; kidney tubule portions; lining of serous membranes of body cavities; inner
surface of tympanic membrane
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: kidney tubules; glands and their ducts; choroid plexuses of brain; lining
of terminal bronchioles of lungs; surfaces of ovaries
Simple Columnar Epithelium: glands and some ducts; bronchioles of lungs; auditory tubes; uters;
uterine tubes; stomach; intestines; gallbladder; bile ducts; vehicles of brain
Stratified Squamous Epithelium: keratinized = skin; nonkeratinized = mouth, throat, larynx,
esophagus, anus, vagina, cornea, inferior urethra

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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: sweat gland ducts; ovarian follicular cells; salivary gland ducts
Stratified Columnar Epithelium: mammary gland ducts; larynx; portion of male urethra
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: lining of nasal cavity; nasal sinuses; auditory tubes; pharynx;
bronchi of the lungs
Transitional Epithelium: lining of urinary bladder; ureters; superior urethra

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Cells that secrete or absorb are usually cuboidal or columnar
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the digestive tract because it secretes mucus
Goblet cells: specialized columnar epithelial cells
Microvilli:
o nonmotile
o contain microfilaments
o greatly increase free surface area
o found in serous membranes and small intestine
Stereocilia: elongated microvilli found in sensory structures like the inner ear; play a role in sound
detection
Motile cilia contain microtubules
Transitional Epithelium Membrane: rigid section separated by flexible regions

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Keratinized: outer layers are dead cells containing protein keratin
Nonkeratinized: moist

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Germ Layers
1
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Mesoderm
3
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glands: secretory organs; most are epithelium
duct: open contact with epithelium
Exocrine glands are lined with epithelium
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Simple vs

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