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Sport and exercise science

Biomechanics

1

jack Ashcroft
BTEC Sport & Exercise Science
1 October 2015

Biomechanics
Notational Analysis of Sport

Sport and exercise science

Biomechanics

2

P1

Biomechanics is the analysis of movement in sport
...
There are a number
of apps and programmes which take a look at methods and techniques that can be used to analyse
nearly every single aspect of movement in exercise by which all together can be used to improve on
the performance of a player or a team
...
These techniques and tactics that we can look at goes by the name of Notational
Analysis
...
For
example the amount of times that a player sprints can be considered notational analysis as long as that
movement is expressed visually on a screen or on paper
...
This method takes
note of what the individual does around the field of play at all times which then can be related to
different aspects (intensity, speed…) which then can be used to develop strategies and elaborate new
ways which can decide weather the player or team wins in their sport
...


The performance criteria is a series of techniques or tactics in a game that are all related to a certain
movement which by combining al of these can make the athlete win in their chosen sport
...
There are many
different aspects of sport and movement which can be analysed
...
In the example below (figure 1) appears an example of what the performance
criteria can look like
...
These are the following:
Passing: This technique in football is essential for all player, it is the bases of the sport and without it
the sport wouldn't actually be the football
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This is relevant to the sport as by doing this technique the sport is played and it is
also a way of winning or scoring goals
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Shooting: To score goals in a game it is necessary to shoot the ball
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As said previously, this technique can be decided in to accurate and non-accurate shots
which can have a drastic impact on the play of an athlete in the game
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Heading: This is a relevant tactic for the player to do as in many situations that he can be find himself
in, this may be a skill that he has to perform in order to score goals
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Heading consists of the amount of times that the ball comes
in to contact with the players head when having the intent of doing this movement
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Tackles: This technique consists of interfering with the opposing teams players who have the ball, this
is done with the intention to obtain position which is the essential piece to winning and scoring goals
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This is relevant to the
sport because is it an essential technique to obtain position of the ball, if this wasn't allowed in the
game then it would not be possible to play the match unless the ball was obtained by an unsuccessful
pass
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Crosses: The performance criteria on this technique in used in many games because it is the ability to
lob the ball overt a team mate who is ready on the opposite side of the pitch to the player who has the
ball
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In the situation of a cross many times it can be
the one that can decide as to weather a team mate is going to score the ball or not, all of this
depending on weather the cross was successful or unsuccessful
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Sport and exercise science

Biomechanics

4

P2/M1

Analysis of a player
This section is all about the notational analysis of a player, there are two performance criteria for two
different games which will be compared to see the difference between two different games and how
this criteria can affect the performance of the athlete
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In the
performance criteria a series of factors will take place such as successful passes and unsuccessful
passes for example
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Passing: When it came to passing the player had a total of 99 passes as shown on figure 2 taken from
the app of stats zone
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05% of successful passes in the entire game as out of the 99 passes there were 94 successful
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Even so out of the 99
there was a total of 6 unsuccessful passes which according to the pie chart on figure 2 shows a 3
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In regards for the position of the
player which is in an attacking position this is a good passing rate because he only lost possession 6
time out of 99
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It can be
clear that the athlete is putting a very high effort in to his game at all times because of this percentage
and because of the amount of passes which is very high for a game in football
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This is because the player only had one shot on target towards the goal, even so it
wasn't a goal
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Even so it may
seem that the player is not working hard this is not the case
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This can be questionable as to weather it should be n area to improve
yet again in a match such as the one played it is hard to obtain a shot and also considering
the player is a professional, in which the case would be that he may just ned to practice
more
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successful

unsccessful

100%

Figure 3: Shots in a football game

In the second game that was analysed the criteria came out as different:
Passes: In the second game there were a total of 64 passes made where out of the total only 50 passes
were successful
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This is different to the first game where the player managed to pass more
successfully and also was able to perform more passes to the other team mates across the pitch
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Compared to the first game this second game isn't
as good and the statistics have fallen by quite a bit
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successful

unsuccessful

22%

78%

Figure 4: successful and unsuccessful passes game 2

Shots: In this case on the technique the player performed one shot by which it wants on target
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This means that percentage wise it is the same as the last game where there was 0%
of a successful shot and there was 100% of an unsuccessful shot
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It is
also possible that the data is telling the coach that the half of the shots that the athlete performs are on
target showing a 50% chance where the ball can go in or out of target
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As shown in figure 5 there is the representation of the shot that was off
target this shown by the stats zone app which helps us see where the shot was taken and weather it
was on target or not
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Sport and exercise science

Biomechanics

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P2/M1
successful

unsccessful

100%

Figure 5: Shots performed in the second game

Notational analysis:

Movement: By looking at the representations from before it can give an idea of the work rate of the
player, but this can be further expanded with a heart rate monitor or a GPS tracker to show how much
intensity the player has to give in order to perform all of the shots that he does
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Underneath in figure 6 is a
representation of what this data will look like for the player, this shows that the athlete is working at a
high intensity to perform all of the shots in the first game and in the second game he keeps this similar
to the first one
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Even
so in the games there is a difference where one of the games it seems to be that the player may have
been walking or not doing as much exercise during the game which could suggest that the player was
not receiving the ball at that time
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This is a
method used to see what is the average of a group of techniques or skill, this means that usually there
is a standard number of passes or number of shots that the player keeps consistent, now this can vary
depending on accuracy and success or failure
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This is an example below of what it can look like to have
standard deviation in place
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These both show the
difference between each data with the amount of percentages as well as other data that can be added,
as shown in the table there are all of these factors said previously
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05%

shots game
1

0

1

0%

Passes game
2

50

64

78%

Shots game
2

0

1

0%

Also a being represented by a graph which ca show the difference between each skill or technique to
give a view of how one gam is compared to the other:
By looking at this data shown above it is possible to see that the key areas for improvement from the
charts are the shots of the player, this is because in both of the games he was only able to perform one
shot which at the time he did not score a goal from any and there for it will mean that the athlete may
need to improve on this skill in order to make more shots in the game and then be able to score more
goals for the team
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Sport and exercise science

Biomechanics

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P2/M1
successful

Unsuccessful

100

75

50

25

0

Passes game 1

Passes game 2

Shots game 1

Shots game 2

Bibliography

Sport and exercise science level 3 book
Personal Research
Class notes

Sport and exercise science

Biomechanics

11



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