Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: experiment notes for igcse biology
Description: easy to read notes with diagrams on all the experiments needed for igcse edexcel biology
Description: easy to read notes with diagrams on all the experiments needed for igcse edexcel biology
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
Indicators:
EXPERIMENTS
Potential hazards
precaution
Microorganisms
Some bacteria
make us ill
Chemicals
Sulphuric acid can
burn skin,
alcohols can
catch fire easily
Fire
Unattended
Bunsen burners
Electricity
Faulty electrical
equipment could
give a shock
• Wear gloves
• Tie hair back
• Wear
goggles
• Wash hands
• Use fire
proof matt
• No water
near
electricity
Measuring osmosis (living)
1
...
Put some in sugar solution
and some in pure water
3
...
Tie wire around one end of viscous tubing,
put a glass tube in other end and tie
2
...
Measure where liquid is up to
4
...
Water will be drawn in and liquid will
move up tube
6
...
Use scalpel to cut out agar
cubes (containing
phenolphthalein indicator
and sodium hydroxide)
2
...
Repeat with different sized
cubes
low
Gas exchange in plants
1
...
Use hydrogen
leaf and foil (no sunlight),
carbonate indicator
leaf in gauze (a little light)
to measure change in
and a leaf in sunlight (lots of co2 concentration
light)
The rate at which
pondweed produces
oxygen corresponds to the
rate of photosynthesis
...
1
...
Use syringe to draw
set amount of time,
gas bubble up to ruler
oxygen will collect in
and measure
capillary tube
control
More
Respiration and photosynthesis
No
than
photosynthesis photosynthesis
respiration
Calorimetry- measuring the energy in food
Increasing accuracy:
thermometer • Insulate boiling
tube
• Hold food nearer
tube
25cm’ water
• Make sure the
food sample is
completely burnt
Mounted needle
out
with food sample
heat
Heat is lost to
surrounding air
and to glass tube
1
...
Measure temp of water
3
...
Keep relighting until it no longer
learns
5
...
2
Energy per gram= energy in food
mass of food
Measuring transpiration (potometer)
Demonstrating CO2 production
Use hydrogen carbonate solution to show that living
organisms produce CO2 as they respire
1
...
Boil a second bunch so that
they die
Boiled Germinated
beans
beans
3
...
Seal with rubber bung and
leave for set time period
CO2 present
(respiration)
Ecosystem investigations
Estimating population size:
1
...
Count all the organisms within
the quadrat
3
...
Repeat at another area to compare population
sizes, or continue at more random places to calculate
an average
Measuring distribution:
1
...
Collect data along the line using quadrats next
to each other
Heat produced in respiration
thermometer
Cotton wool
Vacuum flask
Measure distance moved by air bubbletranspiration means water is lost through the leaves
so water is pulled upwards
Making it more accurate:
• Cut stem at a slant to increase water uptake
• Use a bung to prevent water evaporation
Measuring transpiration (using a balance)
Measure the change in weight
Making it more accurate:
• Use a layer of oil to stop evaporation
balance
Changing variables:
•
Light- use a lamp or put in cupboard
•
Temperature- use a heater
•
Humidity- spray water into air
•
Wind speed- use a fan
1
...
Add each set to
Dead boiled beans
vacuum flask, but
make sure there
is some air so
beans can respire
aerobically
3
...
Record the temp
of each flask for a
Soaked
month
germinated
beans
Temperature and enzyme activity
How fast a product appears- the breakdown of hydrogen Respiration rate of yeast with enzymes
Measure rate of CO2 production when
peroxide using catalase
H2O2 H2O + O2
changing variables such as temperature,
1
...
g
...
Using upward delivery, measure
amount of oxygen produced per
minute
3
...
Put starch solution containing amylase in a
2
...
4
...
2
...
4
...
Kill leaf by dunking in boiling water to stop any chemical
reactions happening
Heat in water bath with ethanol to get rid of chlorophyll
Rinse leaf in cold water
Add iodine solution
If starch is present leaf will turn blue/black
...
Mix together sugar, yeast
and distilled water
2
...
Count how many bubbles
are produced in a given
period of time
4
...
2
...
Put a plant in a cupboard
to grow without light
Take leaf from plant and
test for starch
Will no change colour as no
starch can be made as light
is needed for
photosynthesis
The chlorophyll test
Use variegated leaves (only the
green parts contain chlorophyll)
1
...
Test for starch using iodine
solution
3
...
Leave plant in
sealed bell jar with
soda lime and
sunlight
2
...
Will not change
colour as CO2 is
needed for
photosynthesis
Title: experiment notes for igcse biology
Description: easy to read notes with diagrams on all the experiments needed for igcse edexcel biology
Description: easy to read notes with diagrams on all the experiments needed for igcse edexcel biology