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Chapter 1 Notes
Levels of Organization

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2 Anatomy & Physiology
Explain how anatomy & physiology are related
 They are complementary where Anatomy is the structure of the human body and
Physiology is the function of the human body
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3 Levels of Organization
Levels of Organization and characteristics of each
 Subatomic Particles
o Electrons, protons, neutrons
 Atom
o Hydrogen atom, lithium atom, etc
 Molecule
o Water molecule, glucose molecule, etc
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 Organelle
o Mitochondrion, golgi apparatus, nucleus
 Cell
o Muscle cell, nerve cell
 Tissue
o Simple squamous eithelium, adipose tissue
 Organ
o Skin, femur, heart, kidney, etc
 Organ System
o Skeletal, digestive, etc

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Organism
o Human

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5 Maintenance of Life
List and describe the major requirements of organisms
 Water
o Most abundant source
o Required for metabolic processes and transportation of substances
o Regulated body temperature
 Food
o Provides necessary nutrients

o Supplies energy
o Supplies raw materials
 Oxygen
o 1/5 of air
o Releases energy from nutrients
 Heat
o Form of energy
o Partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
 Pressure
o Application of force on an object
o Atmospheric- breathing
o Hydrostatic- keeps blood flowing
Importance of homeostasis to survival
 To maintain a stable internal enviroment
Parts of a homeostatic mechanism and how they function together
 Negative feedback
 Positive feedback

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7 Lifespan Changes
Changes related to aging, from the microscopic to the whole body level

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