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Experiment 3: Preparation of a Hand Dishwashing Liquid
I
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The ingredients used were water,
HLAS, coco DEA, SLES, NaOH, NaCl, dye and fragrance, all of which can be found in the Batch
Production Record sheet along with their amounts
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The first formulation, as compared to the original
formulation, had lesser amounts of water, but more amounts of NaOH, HLAS and NaCl
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All of the formulations fell under their pH ranges except for the second formulation as it went
over by 0
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Despite that, the second formulation was still considered the best as compared to the first
formulation because of the results from the performance tests
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The second formulation relatively had the
nearest results to that of the benchmark’s
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With minor improvements, it is possible for the second formulation to compete against the
commercially sold dishwashing liquid since it has similar properties and similar test results
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Though, the second formulation has a higher cost since it contains 2 surfactants even
though it could be better for cleaning and foaming
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II
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A surfactant is the main ingredient
and is normally 2-16% of the formula as it provides necessary foaming characteristics for the product
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For colors and scents, dyes and fragrances are necessary to make the
product more appealing to the consumers
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Salts
can also be used to adjust the product’s final viscosity
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The industrial production of dishwashing liquid is not capital
intensive since it only usually requires a mixing tank with multiple addition systems and a packaging
line
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It is a record of the actual amount of each ingredient
added and the amount of actual product made
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Before the final products are to be sold to the consumers, they are to be
tested by their pH, foamability, viscosity, and grease cutting properties to ensure they meet the
specifications for that particular batch
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Methods
Using half of the water required in a particular formulation, the ingredients were mixed in a
pre-weighed 500mL beaker in the following order: Water, HLAS, NaOH and Coco DEA or SLES
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NaCl
solution was added into the rest of the formula
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The pH should be within the range 8-9 for the original formula and 7-8 for the group’s own
formulations
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The number of drops added to the mixture were noted down and recorded in
the BPR
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The mixtures were stirred until there were no
more visible solids
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The group added
amounts of dye and fragrance for the group’s own formulations
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For the performance tests, 1% of the solution was mixed with tap water until it reached 30mL
in a graduated cylinder
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This went on for two more runs
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Lastly, for decreasing
capability, a drop of vegetable oil was added, shaken 10 times and the foam volume was recorded
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IV
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98 g/mL

1
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02

1
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2

8
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1

8
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Everything except the second formula fell in their
ranges as the second formulation went over by 0
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There was a difficulty in getting the mixtures’ pH,
be it because of the machine used, the amounts of the materials added, or the added drops of 50%
NaOH or 50% HLAS
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Also, the original
formula had coco DEA as its surfactant while the group’s first own formulation had SLES instead
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The latter had both coco DEA
and SLES as its surfactant unlike the other two formulations
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The first own formulation had a percent yield of 99
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148g
while the second formulation had 99
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154g
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Also, according to the performance tests, the results of the group’s formulation, most
especially the second one, have relatively near results as to that of the benchmark’s
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1 higher than it should have been
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For the cost analysis, the second formulation is more costly since it had
2 surfactants, SLES and coco DEA, though it is better for cleaning and foaming
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Answers to the Questions:

1
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These may act as
detergents or foaming agents
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Sodium LAS and SLES are anionic, and coco DEA is non-ionic
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Do foams help in cleaning? Why do you think consumers prefer products that generate a lot
of foams that lasts longer?
Foaming agents help greasy stains mix with water, making grease water soluble, to
be able to clean the item better
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The longevity of foam
makes consumers think that is it more efficient; the foamier, the better, but foam levels have
to drop due to antifoam effects of grease
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Conclusion
The group was able to formulate its own hand dishwashing liquid and to test its properties
with a commercially sold dishwashing liquid
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Other than that, foam was stable and it had decreasing
capability as vegetable as added
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For costing, the second
formulation is more expensive since it used two surfactants as compared to the benchmark
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VI
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Wikipedia
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wikipedia
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Chemistry in Your Cupboard
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rsc
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Wikipedia
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wikipedia
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P&G
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pgscience
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html



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