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The Stages of Cellular respiration (Simplified)

Glycolysis
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Starts at the Cytoplasm of the cell
Breaking down of Glucose using 2 ATP’s to produce 2 Pyruvate molecules
4 ATP’s gained through the process (2 net ATP’s because 2 were used)
2 Electrons are produced and collected by NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine
Dinucleotide)

Pyruvate Oxidation
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Starts at the Mitochondria
Uses the Pyruvates from Glycolysis
Oxidizes Pyruvates to produce Acetyl CoA (Pyruvate + 02 = Acetyl CoA)
Acetyl CoA is further degraded by Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (which is an
enzyme)
This stage makes the 3-carbon Pyruvates into 2-carbon molecules ( the other
carbons bond with 02 to produce C02)
Stage produces 2x 2-carbon molecules, 2x carbon dioxide molecules and electrons
Electrons are collected by NADH
ATP’s may be produced at this stage depending on the cell

Krebs cycle
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Still within the Mitochondria
Starts with the 2-carbon molecules form previous stage
The 2-carbon molecules bond with oxaloacetate to produce 2 ATP’s, electrons and 4
C02
Electrons are collected by NADH AND FADH ( Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide)

Electron Transport Chain
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Happens in the outer membranes of the Mitochondria
NADH and FADH deliver the electrons to the outer membranes
Electrons pass through “pumps” filled with Hydrogen
The movement of the Hydrogen atoms power production of ATP
The final products of this stage are 34 ATP’s, electrons and H20



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