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Thermodynamics
AP Physics B
Name____________________________________
Multiple Choice Questions
1
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An aluminum plate has a circular hole
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A bimetal plate consists of two materials of different coefficients of thermal expansion
...
If the
temperature of the entire plate increases, what happens to the plate?
(A) Expends
(B) Contracts
(C) Stays the same
(D) Bends down
(E) Bends up
4
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Which of two temperature change are equivalent?
(A) 1 K = 1 F
(B) 1 F = 1 C
(C) 1 Re = 1 F
(D) 1 K = 1 C
(E) 1 Re = 1 K
6
...
The diagram
represents three different isothermal curves
...
A container filled with a sample of an ideal gas at the pressure of 1
...
The gas is compressed
isothermally to one-fourth of its original volume
...
The state of an ideal gas was changed three times in a way that the pressure stays the same
...
Which of the following is true about the pressure of the
gas?
(A) P1 > P2 > P3
(B) P1 > P2 < P3
(C) P1 < P2 < P3
(D) P1 = P2 > P3
(E) P1 > P2 = P3
9
...
What happens to the volume of the gas?
(A) It doubles
(B) It quadruples
(C) It is cut to one-half
(D) It is cut to one-fourth
(E) it slightly increases
10
...
The
graph represents three isobaric lines
...
A container with rigid walls filled with a sample of ideal gas
...
What happens to the pressure of the gas?
(A) Doubles
(B) Quadruples
(C) Triples
(D) Decreased to one-half
(E) Decreased to one-fourth
12
...
What happens to the average
speed of molecules?
(A) Quadruples
(B) Doubles
(C) Triples
(D) Increases by a factor of 1
...
Two containers are filled with diatomic hydrogen gas and diatomic oxygen gas
...
Compare the average speed of hydrogen molecules to the average
speed of oxygen molecules
...
The average molecular kinetic energy of a gas depends on:
(A) Pressure
(B) Volume
(C) Temperature
(D) Number of moles
(E) None of the above
15
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The following statements about the ideal gas are
true EXCEPT:
(A) The average molecular kinetic energy is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
(B) All molecules move with the same speed
(C) All molecules make elastic collisions with each other and the walls of the container
(D) The attractive force between the molecules can be ignored
(E) All molecules obey laws of classical mechanics
16
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the volume of the ideal gas
ii
...
the absolute temperature of the ideal gas
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) I and II
(E) I, II and III
17
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What is the new internal energy of the ideal gas
in terms of U?
(A) U
(B) 1/2U
(C) 1/4U
(D) 2U
(E) 4U
18
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What is the new internal
̊
energy in terms of U?
(A) U
(B) 1/2U
(C) 1/4U
(D) 2U
(E) 4U
19
...
Three containers filled with 1 kg of each: water, ice, and water vapor at the same temperature T
= 0 C
...
A silver tea spoon is placed in a cup filled with hot tea
...
This phenomenon can be
explained by:
(A) Thermal expansion
(B) Conduction
(C) Convection
(D) Radiation
(E) Emission
22
...
A hot object with a temperature T1 is connected to a cool object with a temperature of T2
...
The rate of heat flow is:
(A) A(T1 – T2)/kL
(B) k(T1 – T2)/AL
(C) kAL/(T1 – T2)
(D) kL(T1 – T2)/A
(E) kA(T1 – T2)/L
24
...
This happens because of the difference
in:
(A) Specific heat
(B) Temperature
(C)Density
(D) Thermal conductivity
(E) Latent heat
25
...
Which mechanism of heat transfer is involved in heating a pot with water on a stove?
(A) Convection
(B) Conduction
(C) Radiation
(D) Induction
(E) None of the above
27
...
If the absolute temperature of a radiating object is doubled, by what factor does the rate of
energy emission change?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8
(D) 16
(E)32
29
...
What is the change in the internal energy of the gas during this process?
(A) ΔU = W
(B) ΔU = Q
(C) ΔU > 0
(D) ΔU = 0
(E) ΔU < 0
30
...
If the process 1-2 is adiabatic
and 2-3 is isothermal, what is a true statement about the change in temperature and heat
transferred during 1-2?
(A) ΔT > 0, Q > 0
(B) ΔT < 0, Q = 0
(C) ΔT = 0, Q = 0
(D) ΔT > 0, Q < 0
(E) ΔT = 0, Q < 0
31
...
Which of the following is
true about work done on the gas?
Work 1→2
Work 2→3
Work 3→4
Work 4→1
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
W>0
W<0
W<0
W=0
W=0
W=0
W=0
W=0
W>0
W<0
W<0
W=0
W>0
W=0
W=0
W=0
W>0
W=0
W<0
W>0
32
...
What is the ration between
work done on the gas during the process 2→3 and work done on the gas during the process
4→1?
(A) 2/1
(B) 1/2
(C) 4/1
(D) 1/4
(E) 3/1
33
...
What is the net work done by the
gas?
(A) 6PV
(B) 9PV
(C) 4PV
(D) -6PV
(E) -9PV
34
...
A sample of an ideal gas taken through a closed cycle is presented by the P-V diagram
...
Which of the following is true about the change in internal
energy and work done by the gas during the process 1-2?
(A) Δ U = 0
W by the gas > 0
(B) Δ U > 0
W by the gas = 0
(C) Δ U < 0
W by the gas < 0
(D) Δ U = 0
W by the gas = 0
(E) Δ U = 0
W by the gas < 0
36
...
The process
1-2 is perfectly isothermal
...
The state of an ideal gas is changed in four different steps A→B, B→C, C→D, D→A
...
During which process is no work done by
the gas?
(A) A→B
(B) B→C
(C) C→D
(D) D→A
(E) More information is required
38
...
Which of the following
points has the highest temperature?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
(E) E
39
...
Which of the following is a true statement?
(A) The same work is done during each process
(B) The same amount of heat is added to the gas during each process
(C) The same change in internal energy during each process
(D) There is no work done in the process K→N
(E) There is no change in internal energy during the process K→L→N
40
...
What is the
efficiency of the engine?
(A) 50%
(B) 80%
(C) 100%
(D) 10%
(E) 33%
Free Response problems
1
...
The
piston can move freely up and down without friction and its diameter is 20 cm
...
The initial temperature of the gas is 0 ̊C
...
Calculate the absolute pressure in the container
...
Calculate the volume of the gas
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
f
...
2
...
a
...
What is the change in internal energy UA – UB?
c
...
How much heat is added or removed from the gas?
The state of the gas is changed from B→C where the pressure drops to 300 Pa without
any change in volume and after the gas is compressed to point A isothermally
...
On the diagram below show the complete cycle A→B→C→A
...
An ideal gas can be taken from state a to state c in three different paths: a→b→c,
a→d→c, and curved path a→c
...
Use the following information to answer all questions:
Q a→c = -120 J (curved path)
W a→c = 75 J (curved path)
W a→d→c = 95 J
Ua – Ud = 20 J
In the given information above we assume that work is done on the gas
...
Find the change in internal energy Ua –Uc
...
Find the heat added to the gas in the process a→d→c
...
Find the work done on the gas in the process a→b→c
...
Find the heat added to the gas in the process a→b→c
...
One mole of an ideal gas is taken through a closed cycle A→B→C→A
...
Find the temperature at point A
...
Is the net work done by the gas positive or negative? Explain
...
How much work is done by the gas?
d
...
e
...
What is the change in internal energy for the entire cycle?
Answers:
Multiple Choice
1
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3
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5
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7
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9
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11
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13
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15
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17
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19
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21
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23
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25
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27
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29
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31
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33
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35
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37
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39
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C
A
B
A
D
C
E
Free Response
1
...
16x105 Pa
b) 0
...
053 m3
d) 1624 J
e) 2495 J
f) 4119 J
2
...
a) 45J
b) -140J
c) 285J
d) -330J
4
...
4 K
b) Positive, area under the curve
c) 800 J
d) Added
e) 800 J
f) 0