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Title: Biochem
Description: A detailed review of the subject of biochemistry, and the basics of chemistry along with diagrams of monomers and polymers.
Description: A detailed review of the subject of biochemistry, and the basics of chemistry along with diagrams of monomers and polymers.
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Atom:
The basis unit of matter and defining structure of elements
...
Atomic Number:
The number of protons in the nucleus of the same element
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Atomic Structure:
He 2 (Atomic Number)
4 (Atomic Mass)
The number of protons = the number of electrons
...
Neutrons have 0 charge and weights 1 amu
...
Discovered by philosopher, Democritus, in 460 BC after he pounded materials into
smaller particles by mortar and pestle
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Atoms can be divided, but only in a nuclear reaction
...
Does not account of isotopes (atoms of the same element but a different mass
due to a different number of neutrons)
3) Different elements have different atoms
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Known as the Law of Definite Proportions
...
Except for nuclear reactions that can change atoms of one element to a
different element
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Electrons exist in a space around the nucleus
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In 1913, Niels Bohr discovered that electrons orbit around a nucleus
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Periodic Table:
Atomic number increases across the table
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Rows indicate the
number of outer shells
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Isotopes:
A chemical element that has the same atomic number but a different atomic mass
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(called Valence
electrons)
This can be accomplished by either gaining or losing electrons from the other shell
...
These interactions form chemical bonds, which is what holds molecules together
...
They are known as the strongest
bonds
...
Polar Covalent:
Different electron negativities = unequal sharing
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Taking away an electron from an atom creates a Cation with a positive charge
...
Ionic Bond:
Bonds in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attach to
another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other
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Involves the hydrogen on one more attracted to the opposite charged atoms of an
electro negative molecule
...
Water helps separate compounds such as salt (hydrophilic substances)
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Base is any compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution
...
(hydrogen bonds)
Adhesion:
Tendency of water to be attracted to other substances
...
Surface Tension:
The tendency for water molecules to resist being broken
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Capillary Action:
This tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or to be drawn into small openings
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A mole is based off of the Avagrdro’s constant
...
02 x 10^23
STRUCTURAL FORMULA:
Lewis Dot Structure:
Line Drawing:
High Specific Heat:
Water is able to absorb a high amount of heat before increasing in temperature,
allowing humans to maintain body temperature
...
High Heat of Vaporization:
Evaporation of water requires a substantial amount of energy due to the high heat of
vaporization of water
...
Dot and Cross Method:
Molecular Formula:
Title: Biochem
Description: A detailed review of the subject of biochemistry, and the basics of chemistry along with diagrams of monomers and polymers.
Description: A detailed review of the subject of biochemistry, and the basics of chemistry along with diagrams of monomers and polymers.