Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
Programming Principles and Techniques
FAQ
(Frequently Asked Questions)
© Aptech Ltd
Version 1
...
What is Object-Oriented Programming?
2
...
What is Structured Programming?
4
...
What are the differences between Flowcharts and Data Flow Diagrams?
6
How is an array declared?
7
...
How is an array initialized?
9
...
What is meant by a stream in programming languages?
11
...
What is Application Software?
13
...
Which are the Modeling tools used for designing?
15
...
What are Software Programs?
17
...
What is a Compiler?
19
...
What is meant by Program testing?
© Aptech Ltd
Version 1
...
An object is any person or
a thing, living or non-living, which has some characteristics or attributes which help
to describe it
...
OOP recognizes the need of building an application that represents the real world
...
Polymorphism - Allows using an entity in multiple forms
...
Inheritance – Allows the reusability of code and eliminates redundancy of
code
...
When a class inherits the common properties of another
class, the class inheriting the properties is called a derived class and the
class that allows inheritance of its common properties is called a base class
...
In the structured programming approach, tasks
that are repeatedly performed are defined as functions and written in separate
modules or sub-modules
...
After
a module has been tested individually, it is integrated with other modules into the
overall program structure
...
0
Page 3 of 9
Programming Principles and Techniques
FAQ
What are the differences between Flowcharts and Pseudocodes?
Flowcharts and pseudocodes are two different ways of showing a program design in
an easier manner
...
The
differences between flowcharts and pseudocodes using different parameters for
differentiation are as follows:
Type – Flowcharts use only diagrams for displaying the program design,
whereas pseudocodes are text based
...
Focus – Flowcharts focus on the complete module of the software, whereas
pseudocodes are used to mainly focus on the sub-sections of a module
...
Structure – The structure of flowcharts are based on symbols and shapes,
whereas pseudocodes use linear text-based structure
...
© Aptech Ltd
Version 1
...
No
Flowchart
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
1
Flowchart presents the steps
to complete a process
DFD presents the flow of data
2
Flowchart does not have any
input from or output to
external source
DFD describes the path of data
from external source to internal
store or vice versa
3
The sequence and timing of
the process is properly
shown by a flowchart
The processing of data is taken
place in a particular order or
several processes are taken
simultaneously is not described
by a DFD
4
Flowchart shows how to
make a system function
DFD defines the functionality of a
system
5
Flowchart is used in the
process of designing
DFD describes the flow of data
that completes the process
6
The following are the types
of flowcharts:
The following are the types of
DFD:
• System flowchart
• Physical data flow diagrams
• Data flowchart
• Logical data flow diagrams
• Document flowchart
• Program flowchart
© Aptech Ltd
Version 1
...
All elements must be of the same data type
...
The declaration only allocates space associated with a variable
name for a reference to an array, but does not create the actual array object
...
To find the
elements an array, the sizeof (array) operator is used that determines the length of
the array
...
For example,
static int number[2] = { 4, 8, 2 };
What is a file?
A file is a named location of stream of bits
...
What is meant by a stream in programming languages?
A stream is a linear queue, which connects a file to a program and passes blocks of
data in both directions
...
You can also define a stream as a source of data
...
0
Page 6 of 9
Programming Principles and Techniques
FAQ
What is System Software?
System software comprises several highly complex programs that work together in
order to make all the components of the PC work together as a single unit
...
Without system software, a computer cannot operate as a single unit
...
What is meant by Primary Storage?
Primary storage is temporary storage
...
It is a volatile memory, as the data
stored in it is lost when the power is switched off
...
Secondary storage devices are non-volatile
...
Which are the Modeling tools used for designing?
To design the logical solution, two modeling tools are used
...
Pseudocodes – A pseudocode is a representation of an algorithm in a form
that can easily be translated into programming statements
...
A pseudocode and a flowchart represent the steps
that need to be followed to achieve the solution
...
© Aptech Ltd
Version 1
...
It
is a tool to assist in software designing
...
A structure chart shows the dividing of a problem into sub-problems and
illustrates the hierarchical relationships between the various parts
...
What are Software Programs?
Software programs are a set of written procedures or instructions in a sequential
format that are used to perform specific tasks by a computer
...
Software programs are created for business
requirement as well as personal needs
...
Programming languages can also be called
as tools used to instruct a computer
...
Programming languages are used to create either system
software or application software
...
Application software help the user perform tasks with the
help of both system software and computer hardware
...
The compiler
checks the entire program and check for any compilation issues
...
All highlevel programming languages have a compiler already integrated within them
...
© Aptech Ltd
Version 1
...
The interpreter translates the high-level instructions into an
intermediate language that the machine can understand
...
Interpreters are used by most high-level languages
such a BASIC and LISP
...
Program testing is an important part of the program development process
and must be conducted for all software development programs
...
--- End of FAQ --© Aptech Ltd
Version 1