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Title: تعلم واتقن الانجليزية بسهوله
Description: كتاب يشمل كل ما يخص اللغه الانجليزية

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‫تعلم واتقن‬


...
English‬‬

‫, ‪Easily , learn and be excellent at‬‬


...


‫هذا الكتاب يشمل الجزءين معا واضافات أخرى ومقسم ل ‪levels‬‬
‫حسب مستوى الدارس ، وفيه كل ما تحتاجه لتتعلم وتتقن اللغة النجليزية من‬
‫الحروف البجدية )‪ (Alphabet‬إلي المحادثات )‪ ، (Conversations‬شامل كل‬
‫قواعد اللغة النجليزية )‪ (Grammar‬الضرورية والهامة للحياة العامة والتي تفيد‬
‫كل انسان مهما كان مستواه أو عمره ، ولكي يتمكن من تكوين المحادثات الخاصة به‬
‫بما يناسب ظروفه ، بالضافة للمحادثات الموجودة في هذا الكتاب
...


...


...
S
...
N
...
levels‬‬
‫وأقدم هذا الكتاب اهداء لكل من يهتم بدراسة النجليزي في مصر والمهجر وكل‬
‫مكان ، لكي يفيده في كل حياته ، وقد راعيت فيه أن يكون مبسطا وسهل وفي نفس الوقت‬
‫شامل لينقصه شئ هام ، ولكن بالطبع ليوجد كتاب كامل في أي مجال ، وباذن ال سيكون‬
‫هذا الكتاب نافعا جدا لكل دارس في عمله وكل حياته العامة سواء كان الدارس طالب علم‬
‫في مدرسة أو كلية أو معهد أو موظف في أي مجال عمل أو حتى ان كان مدرس ، فهذا‬
‫الكتاب نافع للكل في كل المستويات ، فهو خلصة دراستي للغة النجليزية على مدى‬
‫عشرات السنوات
...
وإذا كان الدارس يحب أن يكون‬
‫ممتازا في المحادثة ‪ ، conversation‬فليعلم أن المحادثة هي عبارة عن النجليزي كله،‬
‫فحفظ الكلمات والجمل وال ‪ grammar‬الموجودين في هذا الكتاب من أوله لخره لهم‬
‫أهمية في المحادثات
...

‫أرجو من ال أن يساعد جميع الدارسين لهذا الكتاب بحسب مايرى ان فيه الخير ،‬
‫وان يكون هذا الكتاب لفائدة وخير شعب مصر الحبيب بل وكل الناس في كل العالم
...
‪Level 1 [Meena] (H
...
(consonants‬‬
‫الحروف المتحركة )‪ (vowels‬هم : ‪، a e i o u‬‬
‫ومن الضروري حفظ هذه الحروف بالترتيب لستخدام أي قاموس
...
W‬اكتب الحروف البجدية كلها غيبا وبالترتيب بالحروف الكبيرة والصغيرة )في كراس الواجب(‬
‫2( اتمرن على اخراج معاني الكلمات التالية من القاموس : ‪,_____box____, play____, escape‬‬
‫)‪[H
...
) [Meena‬‬

‫الضمائر الشخصية ]‪Personal Pronouns [Meena‬‬
‫‪(
...
K‬‬

‫أنا‬

‫‪I‬‬

‫‪You‬‬
‫)‪He (he, she, it = third singular‬‬
‫‪She‬‬
‫‪It‬‬

‫انت، أنت‬

‫هو‬
‫هي‬
‫هوأو هي لغير العاقل )الجماد أو الحيوان(‬
‫‪Plural‬‬

‫‪We‬‬
‫‪You‬‬
‫‪They‬‬

‫نحن‬
‫انتما، انتم، أنتن‬
‫هم )جمع المذكر و/ أو المؤنث و/ أو غير العاقل(‬

‫?‪H
...
What are the personal pronouns‬‬

‫ماهم الضمائر الشخصية؟ اكتبهم مع معانيهم في كراس الواجب‬

‫دايما احفظ كل كلمات تصادفك ، اكتبها مرة والكتاب مفتوح ثم مرة غيبا لتحفظ ال ‪spelling‬‬
‫)الستهجاء( وحسن خطك وأذكر النطق جيدا
...

‫1 ‪ (C‬تنطق س لو أتى بعدها ‪ e , i , y‬سواء كانت في أول الكلمة أو في وسطها ، وذلك‬
‫مثل : ‪ nice‬نايس )حسن( ، ‪ centre‬سنتر )مركز(
...

‫3( أما لو جاءت مزدوجة )‪ ، (cc‬تنطق الولى ك والثانية حسب القواعد السابقة ، مثل : ‪accept‬‬
‫أكسبت )يقبل( ، ‪ accuse‬أكيوز )يتهم(
...
ب( وتنطق ك مثل:‬
‫‪ chemistry‬كمستري )كيمياء(
...

‫5( وأحيانا تنطق ش مثل :‪ ocean‬أوشن )محيط(‬
‫وأحيانا ل تنطق وتكون صامتة مثل : ‪ muscles‬ماصلز )عضلت(
...
Egyptian ، edge‬‬
‫6‬

‫2( أما لو أتى بعدها ‪ n , th‬في نهاية الكلمة فتكون صامتة )لتنطق( ، مثل ‪ sign‬ساين )علمة‬
‫أو اشارة( ، ‪ length‬لنث )طول(
...
ب( أو ل تنطق مثل‬
‫‪ high‬هاي )عالي( ، ‪ straight‬إستريت )مستقيم(
...

‫‪ K‬ل تنطق إذا جاء بعدها ‪ n‬في أول الكلمة مثل ‪ knife‬نايف )سكينة(
...
]‪[Meena‬‬
‫‪ N‬ل تنطق إذا جاءت بعد ‪ m‬مثل ‪ column‬كولم )عمود(
...

‫1 ‪ (S‬تنطق ز لو جاءت بين حرفين متحركين مثل ‪ rose‬روز )وردة( ، ‪ disease‬ديزيز‬
‫)مرض(، ولكن يستثنى من هذه القاعدة ‪ dis‬لما تأتي في بداية كلمة مثل ‪ disappear‬ديس أبير‬
‫)يختفي(
...
usually‬‬
‫3( وأحيانا تنطق ش مثل ‪ sugar‬شوجر )سكر(، وخاصة لو أتى بعده ‪ h‬مثل ‪ fish‬فيش )سمك(
...

‫1 ‪ (T‬تنطق ش إذا أتى بعدها ‪ ion‬مثل ‪ action‬أكشن )حركة(
...

‫3( وأحيانا ل تنطق كما في ‪ often‬أوفن )مرارا( و ‪ listen‬ليسن )يستمع(
...

‫‪ W‬ل ينطق إذا جاء في أول الكلمة وبعده ‪ r‬أو ‪ h‬مثل ‪ write‬رايت )يكتب( ، ‪ who‬هوو‬
‫)من(
...


‫كلمات هامة ومعانيها‬
‫]‪Important words and their meanings [Meena‬‬
‫والن نأخذ كلمات كثيرة الستخدام في الحياة عامة ومبوبة أو مجمعة معا :‬
‫‪)
...
W‬ضروري حفظهم جيدا جدا ، النطق مع المعاني مع الستهجاء(‬
‫‪It is very important to study them by heart, their pronunciation, meanings‬‬
‫)
...
(H
...
(H
...
)

...
twenty nine 29 , thirty 30 , forty 40 , fifty 50 ,
sixty 60 , seventy 70 , eighty 80 , ninety 90 , one hundred 100 ,
one
hundred and one 101 , one hundred and two 102 , two hundred and
one 201 , one thousand 1000 , one thousand and one 1001 , one
million (A million) 1000000 , two millions , one billion (A billion)
...
‫ أول‬the ‫وهنا سنكتب بنفس ترتيب العداد السابقة ، ولحظ أننا لبد دائما أن نضع‬
The first ‫ , الول‬the second ‫ --- , الثاني‬third ‫-- , الثالث‬fourth ‫ --- , الرابع‬fifth ‫ , الخامس‬sixth ‫ , السادس‬seventh ‫ , السابع‬eightth ,
ninth , tenth , eleventh , twelfth , thirteenth , fourteenth , fifteenth ,
sixteenth , seventeenth , eighteenth , nineteenth , twentieth , twentyfirst , twenty-second , twenty-ninth , thirtieth , fortieth , fiftieth ,
sixtieth , seventieth , eightieth , ninetieth , hundredth , hundred and
first , hundred and second , two hundred and first , thousandth ,
thousand and first , the millionth , the two millionth , the billionth ,
the last ‫ , الخير‬the last but one ‫
...
مئة مرة‬
Double ‫ , الضعف‬triple 3 ‫ , أضعاف‬quadruple 4 ‫ , أضعاف‬five fold 5
‫ ,أضعاف‬the centuple ‫
...
نصف‬
[Meena] (H
...
)

Father
Daughter
Husband
Child

‫أب‬
‫ابنة‬
‫زوج‬
‫طفل‬

Mother
Brother
Wife
Aunt

Family and kindred ‫العائلة والقارب‬
‫أم‬
‫أخ‬
‫زوجة‬
‫عمة ، خالة‬

[Meena]

Meals
Grains
Supper

‫ وجبات‬Oil
‫ حبوب‬Breakfast
‫ عشاء‬Bread

Son
Sister
Baby
Uncle

Food

‫الكل‬

‫ زيت‬Fruits
‫ فطار‬Lunch
‫ خبز‬Wheat

8

‫ابن‬
‫أخت‬
‫رضيع‬
‫عم ، خال‬

Girl
Boy
Man
Woman

‫ فواكه‬Barley
‫ غداء‬Potato
‫ قمح‬Flour

‫بنت‬
‫ولد‬
‫رجل‬
‫امرأة‬
‫شعير‬
‫بطاطس‬
‫دقيق‬

‫سلطة‬
‫مخلل‬

‫‪ Salad‬عنب‬
‫‪ Pickles‬ماء‬

‫‪ Grapes‬زيتون‬
‫‪ Water‬أرز‬

‫‪Olive‬‬
‫‪Rice‬‬

‫عسل أبيض‬

‫لبن‬

‫‪Honey‬‬
‫‪Milk‬‬

‫‪H
...
Translation : Write the English meaning of the following words‬‬

‫اكتب المعنى النجليزي للكلمات التية‬
‫ربع‬
‫اتنين‬
‫زوجة‬
‫الرابع‬
‫الثلثاء‬
‫زيتون‬
‫الصباح‬
‫الضعف‬
‫اخ‬
‫أب‬

‫يناير‬
‫أربع مرات‬
‫أم‬
‫زوج‬
‫أخت‬

‫‪Write the Arabic meaning of the following words‬‬
‫اكتب المعنى العربي للكلمات التية‬
‫‪Honey‬‬
‫‪Child‬‬
‫‪Twelve‬‬
‫‪The fifth‬‬
‫‪Baby‬‬
‫‪Wednesday‬‬
‫‪Aunt‬‬
‫‪Five fold‬‬
‫‪Summer‬‬
‫‪Pickles‬‬
‫‪Twice‬‬
‫‪August‬‬
‫‪One third‬‬
‫‪rice‬‬
‫‪Autumn‬‬
‫-- في كشكول الواجب : 1( اكتب قواعد نطق الحروف : ‪G, L, S, T‬‬‫2( اكتب أيام السبوع وشهور السنة والمواسم
...
‪(H
...
H
...
)ضروري حفظهم جيدا جدا ، النطق مع المعاني مع الستهجاء‬H
...


Head
Eye
Hand
Face
Soul
Airplane
Ticket
Direction
Customs
Teacher
Judge

‫الرأس‬
‫عين‬
‫يد‬
‫وجه‬
‫نفس‬
‫طائرة‬
‫تذكرة‬
‫اتجاه‬
‫الجمرك‬

The human body (H
...
)

Hair
Ear
Leg
Skin
Blood

‫الشعر‬
‫أذن‬
‫رجل‬
‫جلد‬
‫دم‬

Traveling

Train
Arrival
Class
Inquiries

‫أفريقيا‬
‫أستراليا‬

Egypt
Palestine
Jordan
France
Germany

‫مصر‬
‫فلسطين‬
‫الردن‬
‫فرنسا‬
‫ألمانيا‬

‫جسم النسان‬

Passport
Departure
Speed
Office

Occupations [Meena]
Continents (H
...
)

Countries and nationalities
Egyptian
Palestinian
Jordanian
French
German

‫مصري‬
‫فلسطيني‬
‫أردني‬
‫فرنسي‬
‫ألماني‬

‫لحية‬
‫أسنان‬
‫لسان‬
‫فك‬
‫شفايف‬

Vacant
‫ الرحيل‬Brake
‫ سرعة‬Tyre
‫ مكتب‬Ship

‫خالي‬
‫فرامل‬
‫كاوتش‬
‫سفينة‬

‫ دكتور‬Soldier
‫ محامي‬Driver

‫عسكري‬
‫سائق‬

‫جواز سفر‬

‫القارات‬

‫ أمريكا‬Europe
‫آسيا‬

Beard
Teeth
Tongue
Jaw
Lips

‫وظائف‬

‫ مهندس‬Doctor
‫ ممثل‬Lawyer

America
Asia

‫النف‬
‫فم‬
‫ظهر‬
‫أصابع‬
‫روح‬

‫السفر‬

‫قطار‬
‫الوصول‬
‫درجة‬
‫استعلمات‬

‫ مدرس‬Engineer
‫ قاضي‬Actor

Africa
Australia

Nose
Mouth
Back
Fingers
Spirit

‫أوروبا‬

‫الدول والجنسيات‬

America
Syria
England
China
Greece

‫أمريكا‬
‫سوريا‬
‫انجلترا‬
‫الصين‬
‫اليونان‬

‫ جواب‬Stamp
‫ اجرة‬Envelope

Cheque
Client
Interest

‫ شيك‬Account
‫ عميل‬Loss
‫ فائدة‬Capital

Patience
Fear

‫ صبر‬Wisdom
‫ خوف‬Lying

House
Column

‫ منزل‬Room
‫ عمود‬Steel

‫ غرفة‬Bricks
‫ صلب‬Concrete

Sample
Form

‫عينة‬
‫استمارة‬

‫ وديعة‬Rate
‫ مكسب‬Loan
‫ يسحب‬Broker

‫معدل‬
‫سلفة‬
‫سمسار‬
‫حكيم‬
‫جاهل‬

‫ حكمة‬Faith
‫ كذب‬Envy

Coarse
Pray (H
...
)
Lesson
Quiet
To sail
Lightning

‫ طابع‬Postage
‫ ظرف‬Sender

‫أجرة‬
‫الراسل‬

‫ ايمان‬Wise
‫ حسد‬Fool

Post office ‫مكتب البريد‬

Letter
Fee

American
Syrian
English
Chinese
Greek

Banking (H
...
)

‫أعمال البنوك‬

‫ حساب‬Deposit
‫ خسارة‬Profit
‫ رأسمال‬Withdraw

Virtues and vices

‫الفضائل والرذائل‬

Architecture ‫( )معمار )عمارة‬H
...
)

‫ طوب‬Design
‫ خرسانة‬Building

‫أمريكاني‬
‫سوري‬
‫انجليزي‬
‫صيني‬
‫يوناني‬

‫تصميم‬
‫مبنى‬


...

‫تيار هواء‬
‫أصابع القدم‬
‫عادة جماعية‬
‫ظل ، خيال‬
‫يكشط )تفاحة(‬
‫متحرك‬
‫بسيط زي الطفال‬
‫يعمل‬

‫‪Draught‬‬
‫‪Toes‬‬
‫‪Custom‬‬
‫‪Shadow‬‬
‫‪Pare‬‬
‫‪Movable‬‬
‫‪Childlike‬‬
‫)
...
K‬‬

‫]‪Current [Meena‬‬
‫‪Fingers‬‬
‫‪Habit‬‬
‫‪Shade‬‬
‫‪Peel‬‬
‫‪Mobile‬‬
‫‪Childish‬‬
‫‪Make‬‬

‫تيار ماء أو كهرباء‬
‫أصابع اليد‬
‫عادة فردية‬
‫ظل )الشجرمثل(‬
‫يقشر )برتقالة(‬
‫متنقل‬
‫صبياني ، تافه‬
‫يعمل ، يصنع‬

‫-- وجيد هنا أن نذكر بعض الكلمات التي يأتي قبلها ‪ make‬وبعض الكلمات التي يأتي قبلها ‪
...
خطط ‪, - plans‬دوشة ‪, - noise‬بيتزا ‪, - a pizza‬قرار ‪, - a decision‬خطأ ‪Make : - a mistake‬‬
‫: ‪Do‬‬

...
suffix‬‬
‫‪ --- Prefixes‬أي السوابق مثل : ]‪[Meena‬‬
‫يرجع ‪) ex: return‬رجوع، ظهر ‪, back‬تاني ‪
...
تلغراف ‪ , telegraph‬تليفزيون ‪ ) ex: television‬من بعيد ‪Tele (from far away‬‬

...
يخبر بالشئ قبل حدوثه ‪) ex: foretell‬قبل ‪Fore (before‬‬
‫:بعض السوابق تعطي النفي مثل :‪-- Some prefixes give the meaning of negation, like‬‬
‫/ يفصل، يفك وصلة ‪ / Dis ex: disconnect‬غير ممكن، مستحيل ‪Im ex: impossible‬‬
‫/
...
ممثل )‪ , -er / -ar / -or (actor‬صانع )‪ , -r (maker‬رئاسة )‪-ency (presidency‬‬

‫‪H
...
Translation : Write the English meaning of the following words‬‬

‫اكتب المعنى النجليزي للكلمات التية‬
‫مصري‬
‫طابع‬
‫شعر‬
‫فرامل‬
‫سلفة‬

‫مهندس‬
‫معمار‬
‫يد‬
‫وجه‬
‫دراجة‬

‫أمريكا‬
‫فايدة‬
‫للبيع‬
‫يمكن قرائته‬
‫طيبة‬
‫11‬

Write the Arabic meaning of the following words
‫اكتب المعنى العربي للكلمات التية‬
House
Profit
Wisdom
Unbelievable

lesson

Tele
Blood
Direction
Form
letter

African
China
Lawyer
Fee
Europe

Time ‫)الساعة )الوقت‬

‫سنأخذ طريقة ذكر الساعة، في مثال وليكن من الساعة السابعة إلي الساعة الثامنة ونذكرها‬

...
K
...
K
...
‫ / الوقت هو‬Or / The time is
...
‫الوقت الن هو‬


...
W
6:00 ‫الساعة 21 إلي 03:21 ومن 53:5 إلي‬
Write the time every 5 minutes from 12 to 12:30 and from 5:35 to 6:00

Prepositions [Meena] ‫حروف الجر‬
، ‫سنأخذ بعض حروف الجر في اصطلحات ثابتة بها مع معانيها ، ثم بعض المثلة في جمل‬

...
so ‫ سيكون‬someone ‫وبرجاء ان نذكر )ولتنسى( أن اختصار‬

...
K
...
‪Excellent - (H
...
) at English‬‬
‫--- ثم يوجد كلمات مثل "‪ "shout, throw‬يكون معناهم مع ‪ at‬مختلف عن معناهم مع ‪، to‬‬

‫)
...
K‬‬
‫فنقول مثل : )‪shout at so
...
(to hear‬‬
‫وكذلك نقول : ‪(throw sth
...
or sth
...
to so
...

‫اسماء الشارة هم : 1( ‪ This‬للمفرد القريب
...


‫2( ‪ That‬للمفرد البعيد‬
‫4( ‪ Those‬للجمع البعيد‬

‫‪
...
W‬في كراس الواجب ، اكتب سبع سوابق ‪ prefixes‬يعطوا معنى النفي ، ثم كلمة كمثال‬
‫لكل منهم
...
‪(H
...

‫وبرجاء ان نذكر )ولننسي( أن اختصار ‪ someone‬سيكون ‪
...
sth‬‬
‫دايما احفظ كل كلمات تصادفك ، اكتبها مرة والكتاب مفتوح ثم مرة غيبا لتحفظ ال ‪spelling‬‬
‫31‬


...
or sth
...
or doing sth
...
K
...
‫مسرحية كتبها‬
‫بكل الطرق‬
‫واحد واحد‬

Walk by
Drove - chance
A book - no means
- the way (H
...
)

‫يمر ماشيا‬
‫مر وهو يقود‬
‫بالصدفة‬

...
or sth
...
/ blame sth
...
or sth
...
K
...

In
Increase Rise Believe - a moment
- person

‫زيادة في‬
‫ارتفاع في‬
‫يؤمن ب‬
‫في لحظة‬
‫شخصيا‬

Look (see) Run -

‫يفحص‬
‫اصطدم ب‬

Decrease Fall- health
- English
- full

‫نقصان في‬
‫سقوط ، نقص في‬
‫بصحة‬
‫بالنجليزي‬
‫بالكامل‬

Into (H
...
)
Break Run - debt

Of
14

‫يقتحم مكان‬
‫استدان‬

A cause Afraid Jealous Careful Healed - course
A lot -

‫سبب‬
‫خايف من‬
‫غيور من‬
‫حذر من‬
‫تم شفاؤه من‬
‫بالطبع‬
‫كثير من‬

Photograph Proud Capable Tired Repent Instead A piece -

‫صورة‬
‫فخور ب‬
‫قادر على‬
‫تعبان من‬
‫يتوب عن‬
‫بدل من‬
‫قطعة من‬

It was nice of you (kind of you , good - , silly - , stupid -,
...
of doing sth
...

A matter of fact ‫ , في الواقع‬a matter of opinion ‫موضوع رأي‬
On [Meena]

- foot
Congratulate -

‫ - سيرا على القدام‬occasion
‫ يهنئ علي‬From now -

- of kindness
- of print
- of doubt

‫ - من باب الطيبة‬of sight
‫ - نفدت الطبعة‬doors
‫ بدون شك‬Have it -

‫في مناسبة‬
‫من الن فصاعدا‬

I have spoken to her on the phone ‫لقد تكلمت معها على التليفون‬
I'm (I am) not on the phone yet , I haven't got a phone yet
To watch sth
...
V
...
on the radio [Meena] ‫يستمع لشئ في الراديو‬
On leave ‫ / في أجازة‬on holiday ‫/في عطلة‬on business trip ‫ / في رحلة عمل‬on a
trip / on a tour ‫(
...
K
...
‫يصرف فلوس على شئ‬
Keep on / go on / carry on ‫يستمر في‬
Out

‫اختفى عن النظار‬
‫في الخلء‬
‫انهوا الموضوع‬

To (H
...
)
- an end
Look Married -

‫ - لنهاية‬no end
‫ يهتم ب، يعتمد على‬According ‫ متزوج من‬Engaged -

‫بل نهاية‬
‫بناء على‬
‫مخطوب ل‬

Damage to a car ‫ / تكسير للعربية‬Invitation to a party (or a wedding) ‫عزومة لحفلة‬
Solution to a problem ‫ / حل للمشكلة‬answer to a question ‫/ اجابة للسؤال‬
reply to a letter ‫ / رد على الجواب‬key to a door ‫مفتاح للباب‬
Complain to so
...
‫( / يشتكي لشخص عن شئ‬H
...
)
Prefer so
...
to so
...
‫يفضل شئ عن شئ أو يفضل شخص عن شخص‬
Up [Meena]

Speak Use Wake Give -

‫تكلم بصوت عالي‬
‫يستنفذ ، ينهك‬
‫يصحى‬
‫يستسلم‬

- to
Bring Get Keep - with

‫لغاية‬
‫يربي‬
‫قم ، انتصب‬
‫يساير ، يجاري‬

With
Satisfied -

‫ مكتفي ب‬Crowded -

15

‫مزدحم ب‬

Our relationship with God must be perfect
...
‫( مسرور مع شخص أو بشخص‬pleased at sth
...
with an offence (with a crime) / Provide so
...
(H
...
)
H
...
Translate into Arabic ‫ترجم إلي العربية‬
They care about her _______________________________________
He replied to the letter _____________________________________
Write the preposition used after these words: worry _______ a lot ____

Plural of nouns ‫جمع السماء‬


...
ب( اذا انتهى السم بحرف‬box , boxes
y ‫ قبله حرف ساكن ، وذلك بعد حذف ال‬y ‫ في السماء التي تنتهى بحرف‬ies ‫3( ونضع‬

...
half , halves / life , lives
...
K
foot , feet / man , men / ‫5( ثم يوجد أسماء ل يخضع جمعها لقواعد ثابتة وذلك مثل‬

...
Japanese ‫6( بعض السماء ل تتغير عند جمعها مثل‬
brothers،‫ أخ‬brother ‫7( وقد يوجد قليل اسماء لهم أكثر من جمع مع اختلف المعنى مثل‬

...
hope , happiness : ‫8( بعض السماء ليس لهم جمع مثل‬

...
news , mathematics ‫ لكنه دائما مفرد مثل‬s ‫01( والبعض يكون آخره‬
means / ‫ وحش ، سئ‬mean ‫11( وهناك اسماء يتغير معنى الجمع فيها عن المفرد مثل‬

...
W
...
K
...


Past Future

(‫)كفعل مساعد فقط أي بمعنى هل وفي النفي فقط‬

verb "Do"
Verb "Do" in the present (H
...
)
Questions
Yes,
No,

I
You
He
She

Do
Do
Does
Does

Did
Did
Did
Did

Do I eat?
Do you eat?
Does he eat?
Does she eat?

Shall do
Will do
Will do
Will do

16

Yes, you eat
Yes, I eat
Yes, he eats
Yes, she eats

No, you don't eat
No, I don't eat
No, he doesn't eat
No, she doesn't eat

It
We
You
They

Does
Do
Do
Do

Did
Did
Did
Did

Will do
Shall do
Will do
Will do

Does it eat?
Do we eat?
Do you eat?
Do they eat?

Yes, it eats
Yes, you eat
Yes, we eat
Yes, they eat

No, it doesn't eat
No, you don't eat
No, we don't eat
No, they don't eat

(‫ومعنى السؤال الول هو : هل أنا آكل؟ )في الحاضر‬

...
will ‫ فقط أما بقية الضمائر تأخذ‬I, we ‫ تكون مع‬Shall (2
‫ في السؤال‬we ‫ في الجابة ، والعكس بالعكس ، وكذلك‬you ‫ في السؤال تتحول إلي‬I (3

...
[Meena ‫ اختصار‬didn't ‫و‬
، not

...
: I do my homework
...
‫هي تعمل الصح‬
He did what is right
...

‫هم سيعملونها‬
H
...
Answer the following questions one time with Yes, another with No
(
...
K) : ‫أجب على السئلة التالية مرة بنعم ومرة بل‬
Does he drink tea? Yes, ______________ No, ____________________
Do I need it? Yes, ________________ No, ______________________
I, he, ‫ ، فنتبع نفس الخطوات ، وسنكتفي بالتطبيق على‬past ‫وبالنسبة لعمل أسئلة وأجوبة في ال‬
: ‫ ، فمثل نقول‬they
Pronouns
I
He
They

Questions
Did I eat bread?
Did he eat bread?
Did they eat bread?

Verb "do" in the past
Yes (H
...
)
Yes, you ate bread
Yes, he ate bread
Yes, they ate bread

No

No, you didn't eat bread
No, he didn't eat bread
No, they didn't eat bread

(‫ومعنى السؤال الول هو : هل أنا كنت آكل خبز؟ )في الماضي‬
‫ تماما ، لنهم يأخذوا‬pronouns ‫ مثل بقية ال‬past ‫ في ال‬he, she, it ‫ونلحظ التي : 1( ان‬

...
W
...
K
...
‫(، مرة كفعل مساعد ومرة كفعل بمعنى يعمل‬yes ‫وليس مع‬

...
W
...
K
...
‫" كفعل بمعنى يعمل فقط‬Do" ‫ونلحظ هنا : 1( استخدام‬

...
W
...
K
...


Conversations [Meena] ‫محادثات‬
Introducing : Hi , I'm Ahmed / hi Ahmed I'm Magdy (hi Ahmed my
name is Magdy)
...
/ Haven't we met
before? / yes, I think we have
...
K
...
W
...
W
...
H
...
K
...

‫ أشعل نارا‬The - is out

Get
19

‫رجع‬
‫ارمي للخلف‬
‫أشعل النار في‬
‫النار اطفأت‬

Get in
- off
- through
- advantage of
- after
- beyond
- before
- down
- hand on
- at
- into
- over
- out for
- off
- down upon
Of To – up
He is used to

‫ادخل‬
‫اهرب ، اخلع‬
‫يجتاز من خلل‬
‫يتفوق على‬

- out
- on with
- hold of
- home

Go (H
...
)

‫ - يتبع‬ahead
‫ - يتجاوز‬astray

Lay

‫ - يعرض على‬up
‫ - يضع‬out
‫ - يقبض على‬hold of

Look

‫ينظر إلي‬
‫يفحص‬
‫يتصفح بسرعة‬
‫يترقب‬
‫يودع‬
‫يحنقر ، يتعالى علي‬

- to
- out
- for
- up
- about
- after

Use

‫ نافع ، مفيد‬Out of ‫ يستنفذ ، ينهك‬he used to
‫متعود على‬

‫أخرج‬
‫يجاري‬
‫يقبض على‬
‫روح البيت‬
‫كمل ماتفعله‬
‫يضل‬
‫يدخر‬
‫يرتب‬
‫يمسك‬
‫يهتم ب‬
‫احترس‬
‫يبحث عن‬
‫يفتش على‬
‫ينظر حوله‬
‫يعتني ب‬
‫بطل استعمال‬
‫كان متعود على‬

I used to get up early when I was a child, but now I don't
...
‫أنا متعود أستيقظ مبكرالني أفعل هذا منذ فترة طويلة‬

Drop [Meena]

Drop off

‫ينام ، يسطح‬

Drop in

‫يزور ، يأتي‬

I dropped the cup and it broke
...


...
(H
...
)

...
‫لماذا لتأتي هنا أحيانا لترانا‬

At / on / in (time) [Meena] ‫استخدام حروف جر مع الوقت‬
At : At 5:00 o'clock / at 11:45 / at midnight ‫ / في منتصف الليل‬at night ‫بالليل‬
/ at lunch time ‫ / في وقت الغذاء‬at the week-end ‫ / في نهاية السبوع‬at week-ends
‫ / في نهايات السوع‬at Christmas ‫ / عند الكريسماس‬at public holiday seasons
‫/ في فترات العطلت الرسمية‬at the moment ‫ / في هذه اللحظة‬at present ‫في الوقت‬
‫ / الحاضر‬at the same time ‫ / في نفس الوقت‬at the proper time ‫ / في الوقت السليم‬at
the age of ‫في عمر‬
Ex
...
)في اليوم الثالث‬H
...
)
20

‫دايما عندهم مقابلت في أيام الجمعة
...
: They always have meetings on Fridays‬‬
‫‪In : (Simply we use "in" with months , years , seasons or any long‬‬
‫‪period) : in the morning(s) / in the afternoon(s) / in the evening(s) / In the‬‬
‫/ في القرن 81 ‪days of
...
‪Ex
...
H
...
‪Ex
...
(H
...
drop – dropped , big – bigger‬‬
‫2( الكلمة المنتهية بحرف ‪ e‬لينطق ، يتم إلغاءه إذا أضيف في آخر الكلمة مقطع أول‬
‫حرف فيه متحرك ، مثل ‪، write – writing‬‬
‫ولكن يثتسنى من هذه القاعدة الكلمات المنتهية ب ‪ ce , ge‬مثل‬
‫]‪Peace – peaceable , courage – courageous [Meena‬‬
‫3( الكلمة المنتهية بالحرفين ‪ ، ie‬ينقلبان إلي ‪ y‬إذا أضيف إليها ‪ ، ing‬مثل :‬
‫‪، lie – lying , die – dying , tie – tying‬‬
‫والكلمة المنتهية بحرف ‪ y‬قبله حرف ساكن، ينقلب إلي ‪ I‬إذا أضيف إليها أي مقطع غير‬
‫‪ ، ing‬مثل : ‪
...
definite‬‬
‫تستخدم قبل الكلمات التي تبدأ بحرف متحرك )‪ (vowel‬وهم ‪، a e i o u‬‬
‫-- ‪An‬‬‫وأيضا قبل حرف ‪ h‬إذا كان ل ينطق مثل ‪ ، an hour‬أما ‪ A‬تستخدم مع بقية الكلمات
...
a piece of bread‬‬
‫-- ‪ A‬بتأتي مع بعض كلمات تشير إلي كمية ، مثل :‬‫‪a few weeks, a lot of people , a couple of sandwiches‬‬
‫-- كذلك نستخدم ‪ A , The‬قبل ال ‪ singular countable nouns‬مثل‬‫12‬

I've got a headache
...


...
(H
...
)
‫-- وأيضا اذا كنا في غرفة أو منزل أو فصل أو مدرسة أو حديقة أو أي مكان ونتكلم عن شئ‬
...
He likes flowers
...
‫يكون المقصود فيها شخصين‬
‫ دائما تأتي مع كلمات معينة مثل‬the ‫نجد‬
: ‫-- وفي الستخدام في الحياة بصفة عامة‬The cinema , the theatre , the radio
‫في حين ل نجدها تتواجد مع كلمات أخرى مثل‬
Television / (all meals like) : breakfast , lunch , dinner , supper
...
W
...
‫أكلنا الفطار معا‬
They like _____grapes
...

‫ذهبنا للسينما‬
His father and _____teacher will go together
...
‫كثير من الشجار‬
(H
...
)
Be careful of _____ bad cat in this garden
...
K
...
K
...
‫بسهولة حسب سياق الكلم‬
I am a teacher
‫)أنا أكون مدرس )أنا مدرس‬
I was a teacher ‫أنا كنت مدرس‬
I shall be a teacher
‫أنا سأكون مدرس‬
They were students ‫هم كانوا تلميذ‬
She will be a doctor
‫هي ستكون دكتورة‬
He has a car [Meena]
‫هو عنده عربية‬
He had a car
‫هو كان عنده عربية‬
He will have a car ‫هو سيكون عنده عربية‬
We had books
‫نحن كان عندنا كتب‬
You will have books ‫أنتم )أنت( سيكون عندكم كتب‬
[Translate into English [Meena : ‫
...
W
___________________________________________ ‫1( هي تكون سكرتيرة‬
_________________________________________________ ‫2( هي طبيبة‬
_________________________________________ (
...
K) ‫3( هم كانوا مهندسين‬
_____________________________________________ ‫4( أنت ستكتب الكتاب‬
________________________________________________ ‫5( هو عنده عربة‬
________________________________________ ‫6( هم سيكون عندهم كتب غدا‬
________________________________________________ ‫7( أنتم كنتم طلبة‬
‫ ، ونتبع نفس السلوب كما فعلنا في جداول‬pronoun ‫ قبل ال‬verb ‫ولعمل أسئلة ، نأتي بال‬
: ‫" فنقول‬verb "Do
1) Am I a teacher ? / Yes, you are a teacher
...

2) Were they students ? / Yes, they were
...

3) Will she be a doctor ? / Yes, she will / No, she will not
...
(H
...
)
5) Had we books ? (Did we have books ?) / yes you had books / Yes, you
did / no, you didn't have books / No, you hadn't
...

‫ ، يمكن أن نسأل السؤال‬verb have ‫لحظ أننا في السؤالين الرابع والخامس أي في السئلة ب‬

...
H
...
جاوب على السئلة التالية مرة بنعم ومرة بل‬H
...
) / good morning (good
...

Informal : Hi , how are you today ? / fine thanks , what about you / ok
...
K
...
let us go and help him / that
is a good idea
...
) , John , this is Sue my sister / hi
Sue / hi / and this is Mona her friend / hi Mona / hi John
...
W
...
W
...
K
...
كتاب‬H
...
)
Ex: there is no one in the room
...

In : bed ‫ ,سرير‬prison ‫ , سجن‬the hospital ‫
...
مطار‬
Ex
...
‫بيته يقع على النهر‬
--- Corner : 1) In the corner of a room
‫في ركن من غرفة‬
2) At / on the corner of a street

...

2) At other places (school , work , the hotel , the party)
3) Arrive home
...
K
...

Ex: At the end of the street / At the beginning of a book
...
did sth
...
was done ,
Ex: In the end we decided to do it ‫/في الخر قررنا نعمله‬
In the beginning I thought I would be able to do it , but I couldn't
...

--- Home : go home , at home , come home , get home , arrive home
...
مترو النفاق‬
--- Get : get in (get out of) a car , taxi
...

H
...
Put 4 of the previous words in sentences
...
: He got in her car
...
walk , run , speak , eat , write , drink
‫ في حين ان‬verb ‫أو باسلوب آخر نقول ان أي كلمة معناها "عمل أو فعل شئ معين" تكون‬

...
water

...
‫ ، وهي التي تساعدنا في : 1( عمل أسئلة‬Auxiliary verbs ‫-- ويوجد أفعال مساعدة‬‫( وفي تصريف‬tenses)
...
3( وفي تكوين أزمنة‬
: ‫الفعال ، وهي‬
Be, have, do, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must

...
2( وكفعل مساعد ليس له معنى خاص‬
Let us take verb "Work" , with the pronouns, in the present, past and future
Pronouns
Present
Past [Meena]
Future
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They

Work
Work
Works
Works
Works
Work
Work
Work

Worked
Worked
Worked
Worked
Worked
Worked
Worked
Worked

Shall work
Will work
Will work
Will work
Will work
Shall work
Will work
Will work

H
...
fill the following table in a similar way to this table with verb "eat"
(
...
K) "‫امل الجدول التالي بتفس اسلوب الجدول السابق مستخدما الفعل "يأكل‬
Pronouns
Present
Past
Future
I (H
...
)
You
He, She, It
We

Eat

Ate

‫ومايلي هو كثير من الكلمات المتنوعة مع حروف جر متنوعة )اصطلحات ثابتة( ، مع‬
: ‫معانيها، وادخالها في جمل‬
‫الصطلح‬
‫المعنى بالعربي‬
(
...
K) ‫مثال في جملة‬
Back up
Blow up
Break down
Break in
Break out
Break up
Bring up
Close down
Come in
Come down

‫يسند، يأيد‬
‫يفجر‬
‫يبوظ، يعطل‬
‫يقتحم، يدخل بقوة‬
‫يهرب بقوة‬
‫يكسر أو يوقف بشدة‬
‫يربي‬
‫يقفل خالص، يتوقف‬
‫يدخل‬
‫ينزل‬

I backed up him (him up) in what he said
They want to blow up the car
The car broke down yesterday
A gang broke in the bank this morning
A prisoner tried to break out of jail
They broke up all what he had
She brought up her children well
His factory closed down
May I come in? [Meena]
After he had come down of the mountain, he went
home

26

Come up
Count on
Cry out
Cross off
Cut down
Cut off
Drive off
Figure out
Fill in
Find out
Get in
Get out
Get back
Get through
Go by
Get up
Give away
Give up
Grow up
Hang up
Hold on
Lay before
Lay up
Let down
Look at
Look to
Look into
Look out
Look for
Look up
Look off
Look about
Look after
Pass away
Put off (put
out)
Send for
Speak up
Take upon
oneself
Wait at
Wait for
Wait on

‫يصعد، يطلع‬
(‫ب)فكرة‬
‫يعتمد على‬
‫يصرخ، يصيح‬
‫بصوت عالي‬
‫يشطب، يمحو‬
‫يقلل‬
‫يقطع ويفصل‬
‫يسوق لبعيد‬
‫يفهم، يتخيل‬
‫يمل‬
‫يكتشف، يعرف‬
‫أدخل‬
‫أخرج‬
‫ارجع‬
‫يجتاز، يمر خلل‬
‫يمر ب‬
‫ينهض، يقوم‬
‫يعطي، يتخلص من‬
‫يستسلم، يتوقف‬
‫ينمو‬
‫يقفل السكة‬
‫ينتظر‬
‫يعرض أمام‬
‫يدخر‬
‫يخجل‬
‫ينظر إلي‬
‫يهتم ب‬
‫يفحص‬
‫يحترس، يراقب‬
‫يبحث عن‬
‫يفتش على، يجد‬
‫يودع‬
‫ينظر حوله‬
‫يهتم ب‬
‫يموت‬
‫يطفئ‬

I count on your promise
He cried out saying "help us"
They crossed off his name
She tried to cut down swimming
He cut off the book into pieces
Drive off this place quickly
Try to figure out what she means
Fill in this form please (H
...
)
I can't find out what the cause is
Get in the house and bring it to me
Get out of my house
Get back home and do your homework
Can you get through this narrow door?
When you go him, see what he does
Sometimes I get up before 6:00 o'clock
It is good to give away your old clothes to the poor
You must have hope , don't give up
I grew up in the country
He hung up on me
Hold on I'll call him
Lay it before him
lay up treasures in heaven
He let her down in front of her friends
Look at me
He looked to the reward
He looked into family matters
Look out , it's dangerous
look for my pen , I can't find it
Loop up this word in the dictionary
I want to look him off before he leaves
Look about try to find something
She looked after her father when he was sick
They passed away in a bad accident
Put off the fire [Meena]

‫ يرسل في طلب‬We send for a doctor right after he had fainted
‫ يتكلم بصوت عالي‬Speak up that we may hear
‫ يأخذ على عاتقه‬He takes upon himself to save her
‫ يخدم‬She waits at that table (H
...
)
‫ ينتظر‬I've been waiting for you for 2 hours
‫ يخدم‬He waits on the Lord

Phrasal verbs with two Particles

‫الصطلح‬

He came up with a good idea

(‫ثم أفعال وكلمات مع أكثر من حرف جر )أو أكثر من أداة‬

‫المعنى بالعربي‬

[Meena]

27

‫مثال في جملة‬

Come up with
Keep up with
Look down upon (on)
Cut down on

(‫يطلع ب)فكرة‬
‫يلحق، يجاري‬
‫يحتقر، يتعالى علي‬
‫يقلل‬

He came up with a good idea
She couldn't keep up with him when he
was running fast
He looks down on some poor people
She cut down on smoking

H
...
Write the Arabic meanings of any 6 of the previous sentences :
___________________________ (2 __________________________ (1
___________________________ (4 __________________________ (3
___________________________ (6 __________________________ (5

‫متنوعات هامة‬

___

: ‫ والعكس في حالت معينة هي‬will ‫ بدل‬shall ‫1( يمكن استخدام‬
--- We put shall instead of will when : (H
...
)
Promise ‫ : وعد‬You shall have the money very soon
...
‫العدو ل يجب ان يمر‬
--- We put will instead of shall when :
Promise : We will send them a present
...
‫سأدفع بالمعدل الذي تريده‬
--- Shall I? (Shall we?) , has often the meaning of "Would you like me
to
...
?"
ex : Will you help me to carry this bag?
: ‫( هي‬do (does , did ‫2( استخدامات‬
? questions :
do you like it ‫ا( لعمل اسئلة‬
negative [Meena] :
no, I do not like it ‫ب( للنفي‬
for emphasis :
yes, I do like it ‫ج( للتأكيد‬
to avoid repetition :
he likes it and so do I ‫د( لتجنب التكرار‬
for politeness :
please do come ‫ه( كنوع من الدب والذوق‬
‫ والجابة العادية عنهم ثم‬do , does , did ‫ولشرح النقطة )ج( أكثر نأتي بثلث أسئلة فيهم‬
(
...
K) : ‫الجابة التي فيها تأكيد‬
[Meena] ‫السؤال‬

Do you like it?
Does he like it?
Did they like it?

‫الجابة العادية‬
‫الجابة التي فيها تأكيد‬
Yes, I like it
Yes, I do like it (Yes, I do
...
K
...
K
...
‫ وهذا شرحناه‬be, have, do ‫لعمل أسئلة : 1( نستخدم الفعال‬
: ‫2( ونستخدم كثير من الكلمات وهي‬
‫الكلمة‬
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Why
How
Who (H
...
)
What
Where
When
Whose
Whom [Meena]
How much

‫معناها‬

[Meena] ‫مثال‬

‫لماذا‬
‫كيف‬
‫من للعاقل‬
‫ماذا لغير العاقل‬
‫أين للمكان‬
‫متى للزمان‬
‫لمن هذا‬
‫لمن للعاقل المفعول‬
‫كم للشياء التى ل تعد‬

29

Why did you do this?
How can this be?
Who are you?
What is this?
Where is my book?
When is he coming?
Whose pen is this?
Whom did you give it to?
How much does it cost?

10)
11)
12)
13)
14)

How many
How long
Can
May
Should

‫كم للشياء التي تعد‬
‫كم من الوقت‬
‫هل أقدر‬
‫هل ممكن‬
‫هل من المفروض‬

How many pens do we have?
How long will it take to do it?
Can I lift this up?
May I go out? (H
...
)
Should we wait for him?

: (‫والجابات ستكون كالتي )بنفس ترتيب السئلة‬
1) We did this to save his life (because we had to)
2) That is what happened
...

4) This is the report
...
K
...

6) He is coming next Friday
...

8) I gave it to her
...

10) We have seven pens
...

12) Yes, you can if you are strong enough
...

13) Yes, you may if you have finished your homework
...
/ No, I think we better go
...
W
...
w
...
(H
...
)
‫في كراسة الواجب اكتب 41 سؤال مستخدما كل كلمة في الجدول في سؤال مختلف ، وجاوب‬

...
‫بين أقواس صغيرة‬
‫-- ثم اسماء الشوارع والفنادق والنوادي والهيئات والجامعات واللقاب والرتب اذا ذكرت مع‬: ‫اسم صاحبها أو مع المسمى ، مثل‬
The Sheraton Hotel / but / we went to the hotel
‫ بالضافة‬capital ‫-- ثم في العناوين ، أي كلمة أكثر من 3 حروف ، يكون أول حرف فيها‬
...
(H
...
)
If you are right , I'm wrong
...
( ]‪ [Full stop , or , Period‬وتستعمل أساسا في نهاية الجمل أو عند‬
‫انتهاء معنى معين ، و تستعمل أيضا مع ال ‪) initials‬أي أول حرف من اسم أو بعض الكلمات‬
‫الخرى( وال ‪ ، abbreviations‬مثل : ‪
...
M
...
A
...

‫5( النداء والتعجب )! ( ]‪ [Exclamation mark‬وتستخدم في حالة النداء أو التعجب ،‬
‫وهي في حالة التعجب تجعلنا نميز المقصود من الكلم ، عنه في السئلة لن صيغة الكلم تكون‬
‫أصل شبيهة بالسئلة ، مثل‬
‫! ‪What a beautiful watch‬‬
‫6( قوسان )) (( ]‪ [Brackets , or , Parantheses‬ويستخدمان لتحديد أو حصر‬
‫الكلم المقصود
...

‫‪H
...
In your h
...
copy book, write a paragraph of at least 3 lines using‬‬

...


‫علمة الملكية للسماء ‪The Apostrophe‬‬

‫أي استخدام علمة ال ‪ apostrophe‬لملكية شئ لشخص أو اشخاص مثل ‪the boy's‬‬
‫‪ book‬أي "كتاب الولد"
...

‫-- لو شئ ملك شخصين أو أكتر مع بعض ، نضع العلمة مرة واحدة في الخر ، مثل‬‫‪
...
Mary's and Magdy's cars‬‬
‫-- ولكن لو شئ تابع لشئ ل نستخدم علمة ال ‪ apostrophe‬بل نستخدم ‪of‬‬‫مثل: ‪ the leg of the chair‬أي رجل الكرسي ، ولكن هناك استثناءات قليلة مثل :‬
‫‪(a) Some places
...
/ The city's old cinema was renewed last‬‬

...
(b) A night's rest
...
/ a week's vacation‬‬

‫‪N
...
: With some common nouns like "class , school , farm
...
K
...
‪ex : The class teacher / A farm girl‬‬

‫13‬

‫-- ويوجد أيضا استخدامات أخرى لعلمة ال ‪ apostrophe‬غير الملكية ، وذلك مثل‬‫استخدامها في اختصارات ‪ verb be‬مع ال ‪) pronouns‬هذه الختصارات تسمى بالنجليزي‬
‫‪ ( contractions‬وذلك مثل ‪ I'm‬اختصار ‪
...
H
...
plural‬‬
‫المضارع ‪
...

‫التي آخر حرف فيها ‪ P T K F H S‬مثل :‬
‫ج( ‪ Medhat's book‬مدحتس بووك )كتاب‬
‫‪ he works‬هي ووركس )هو يعمل(
...
وتنطق ز مع أي كلمة تنتهي بأي حرف غير الحروف السابقة مثل : أ( ‪ beds‬بدز‬
‫)سراير(
...
ج( ‪ Magdy's pen‬ماجديز بن )قلم مجدي(
...
‪Gold (H
...
)‪There is an apple (orange‬‬

...
There are some bottles of milk (of‬‬

...
bottles‬‬
‫أما بالنسبة للشياء التي تأتي مع كلمة ‪ pair‬مثل ‪ glasses‬فتكون الجمل كالتي:‬
‫23‬

There is a pair of glasses (trousers , shoes , socks)
...
[Meena]
‫ بدل‬here are ‫ ، ونضع‬there is ‫ بدل‬here is ‫ومن الممكن في كل ماسبق أن نضع‬

...
W
...
2) _____________ a ruler
...
K
...
4) Here are _______________trousers
...
beautiful hair ‫ أو مثل‬a hair ‫، فيمكن أن نقول‬hair
‫ في النجليزي ولكنها تعد في بعض‬uncountable ‫-- ويوجد بعض السماء التي لتعد‬: ‫اللغات الخرى ، مثل‬
Advice , furniture , news , bread , behavior , trouble , traffic , work ,
luggage , baggage, weather , information , permission
‫أي أنه يمكن اضافة هذه الكلمات السابقة في هذا الجدول الموجود أعلى هذه الصفحة في الجزء‬
‫ أو‬advice ‫ ، وعلى سبيل المثال ، عند جمع‬uncountable nouns ‫اليمين منه الخاص بال‬

...

--- I wish you the best of luck
...

Informal : Bye (bye bye) (see you) / bye (see you)
...
/ I will
...
K
...

At work : Excuse me , are you busy / oh, hi Mary I'm not working right
now , I'm just reading the newspaper , come in
...
K
...
I myself saw him ‫ ، أوتأتي في صورة التأكيد مثل‬I struck myself ‫النعكاس مثل‬
[Meena] : ‫ولفهم استخدامات ما في الجدول أكثر نقول مثل‬
I have a book , my father gave it to me , he himself gave it to me on
my birthday , it was his book but now it is mine
...
K
...
‫ولكن الن أصبح كتابي‬
: ‫
...
W
‫هو أعطاك كتابه بنفسه ، كان كتابه ولكن الن اصبح كتابك ، وانت يمكن أيضا أن تعطيها نفس‬
‫________________________________________________
...

Ahmed and George are teachers
...
He is a teacher
...
The girl is beautiful
...
She is beautiful
...
K
...
She gave the book to Magdy
...
She gave the book to him
...
‫من المهم أن نذكر كل هذا لن استخداماتهم كثيرة جدا‬

Level 7 [Meena]

(H
...
)

Gerund (its pronunciation is djerend) :
A gerund is used : [Meena]
1) After certain prepositions (‫: )بعد حروف الجر‬

- He is interested in learning English
...

- We're looking forward to seeing you
...

- They talked about solving the problems
...
/ - I'm used to getting up early
...
(H
...
)
‫ ثم بعد‬got ‫ ، أي أن في بداية التعود نستخدم‬got used to ‫ أكثر في التعود من‬am used to ‫لحظ ان‬

...
/ - There is no use trying this again
...
/ - will you give up smoking
...
[Meena]

3) Gerund is also used as a subject of a sentence (‫: )في البداية أو كمبتدأ‬

- Learning English is very important
...

- Swimming and walking are good exercises
...

- I'll go when I've finished doing my work
...

- I can't imagine Magdy driving a truck
...

- She likes walking
...

- Would you mind giving it to me
...
K
...
ترجم إلي النجليزية‬H
...
‫لذلك كتبناه هنا‬
‫ وهو أصل‬infinitive ‫ وبين استعمال ال‬gerund ‫وهنا يفضل توضيح الفرق بين استعمال ال‬
) ‫ أو‬gerund ‫ ( ، فيوجد بعض الفعال التي يمكن أن نضع بعدها‬verb) ‫أو مصدر الفعل‬
‫ + ( بدون تغيير معنى الجملة ، ويوجد بعض أفعال أخرى يتغير المعنى إذا‬infinitive to

...


) ‫ عن إذا وضعنا بعدها‬gerund ‫2( ومايلي هي أفعال يتغير بعدها المعنى إذا وضعنا بعدها‬

...
He stopped to play
...
Try to swim
...

: ‫( يكون المقصود بها : لمرة واحدة أو في أي وقت أو بصفة عامة، مثل‬to + infinitive) ‫والثانية‬
Try to be quiet when you come home late , everyone will be asleep
...
K
...


H
...
Write the noun form of each of the following words :
Verb
Make
Build

Noun

Verb
Inform
Do

Noun

Translate into Arabic:
I don't feel like doing it _______________________________________
They hate playing football ______________________________________
Jv[l
‫ترجم إلي النجليزية‬
____________________________________________ ‫أنا متعود أستيقظ مبكرا‬
___________________________________________ ‫هذه الشقة تستحق الشراء‬

The Arabic Alphabet ‫الحروف البجدية العربية‬
‫وهي ضرورية في حالة الترجمة من عربي لنجليزي ، أي عند استخدام قاموس عربي- انجليزي‬
‫أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر زس ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي‬
، ‫وعندما نحتاج معرفة معنى كلمة عربي بالنجليزي ، نرجع الكلمة لصلها ثم نبحث عنها في القاموس‬
‫مثال : كلمة "يشتغل" نجدها هي وكل مشتقاتها في "شغل" ، وكذلك مثل كلمة "يلعبون" نجدها هي‬
" ‫" ، وترجمة يلعبون هي‬He works" ‫وكل مشتقاتها في "لعب"
...
"They play
(
...
K) : ‫
...
W
_______________________________________ ‫1( الطلبة يصغون )يستمعون( للمدرس‬
__________________________________________________ ‫2( المشي مفيد للجسم‬

Things to Know [Meena] : Subjects : A subject tells who or what is

doing the main verb
...

Appositives : An appositive is simply a noun phrase that defines the
subject
...
A comma must immediately precede and follow the
appositive
...
: Aids, a highly infectious disease, causes death
...

Ex
...
[Meena]
N
...
Adjectives are modifiers for nouns, and adverbs are modify verbs,
adjectives or other adverbs
...
The subordinate clause usually contains a
relative pronoun
...
: He plays with a ball
...

Conjunctions : They express a relationship between ideas
...
and / as well as / either
...
nor / but /
not only
...
also) / when / as soon as / because / as / since / to
/ in order to / so as to / so that (so
...
that
Ex : We may go either to Cairo or to Alexandria, we haven't decided yet
...

Mary is studying hard so that she may get high grades
...

Other expressions followed by a gerund : Responsible for doing
something / punish someone for doing something / capable of doing
...

H
...
: In your h
...
copy book : 1) Put each of the following words in a
sentence : capable / either / although / because / when / who / but also
...


Adverbs ‫الظروف‬

...

1) How : like : fast , quickly
Ex: He runs fast
...
‫هو عملها بسرعة جدا‬
2) When : like : next , now , yesterday (H
...
)
Ex: Next thing you should do is this
...
Do it now
...
/ Come here
...
red, young
...
K ‫بعدد أو نوع الموصوف مثل‬
‫( ،_كما قلنا تصف‬adverbs) ‫( تصف اسماء، أما الظروف‬adjectives) ‫-- لحظ أن الصفات‬: ‫أفعال ، مثال‬
H
...
Write 6 adverbs that say how a verb is done _________________
__________________________________________________________
Write 6 descriptive adjectives __________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_______ ‫ يصفوا‬adjectives ‫ يصفوا _______ ، أما ال‬adverbs ‫أكمل الجملة التية : ال‬

Conversations :

Making suggestions : Shall we go swimming ? (let us go swimming)
(why don't we eat dinner there ?) (How about doing this ?) / Yes, sure
(that is a good idea) (it sounds great) (ok
...
K
...
see you there
...

(no problem)

I'm sorry
(sorry I need it myself)

Yes, I 'm using it right now
...
) (yes, that's right) (exactly) (you are absolutely right) or Sorry I
don't agree (I disagree with you) (I don't think so) ( that is not right
because
...
K
...
W
...
K
...
(‫نقول باختصار عن الظروف أنها هي التي تدل علي كيفية حدوث الفعل أو مكانه أو زمانه )وقته‬
Adverbs are related to verbs , they tell : 1) how , 2) where , and , 3) when ,
the verbs are done
...
He did it very quickly
...
K
...
She went there yesterday
...

39

3) Where : like : nowhere , anywhere , here , there , out
Ex: I couldn't find it anywhere
...

He ran slowly
: ‫ مثل‬ly ‫-- ومعظم الظروف في النجليزي تنتهي ب‬A friendly person]
: ‫ مثل‬ly ‫ولكن يوجد صفات تنتهي أيضا ب‬

Meena]

: (adverbs) ‫-- والكلمات التية تعتبر ظروف‬Where , when , how , why , before , after , while , since , there , rarely ,
seldom , should , had , little , not only , nowhere , no sooner , never
Examples : Rarely has he done a good job
...

Should they come , we wouldn't go out
...

Not only did he succeed but he also got the best grade
...

Nowhere could they find her
...
red, young ‫تتأثر بعدد أو نوع الموصوف مثل‬
much , little , ‫ صفة تبين كمية ويكون لموصوف بعدها دائما مفرد مثل‬Quantitative
(2

...
three , no

...

، ‫ للمفرد البعيد‬that ، ‫ للمفرد القريب‬this
: ‫ صفات الشارة وهم‬Demonstrative (6
‫ للجمع البعيد‬those ، ‫ للجمع القريب‬these
what, which, whatever, whichever ex : I had to ‫ الصفات الموصولة وهم‬Relative (7
‫ صفات‬wait for 4 hours , during which I watched a movie
...
what , which ‫الستفهام وهم‬

(‫صيغة التفضيل في الظروف والنعوت )الصفات‬
The Comparison of adjectives and adverbs [Meena]

: (‫عند وضع الظروف والصفات في صيغة التفضيل )المقارنة‬
: ‫ فمثل نقول‬est ‫ أو‬er ‫-- في الكلمات الصغيرة )مقطع أو اثنين( نستخدم‬Rich , richer , the richest
‫ لو واحد أغنى من الكل‬est ‫ لو واحد أغنى من آخر أو آخرين واضافة‬er ‫لحظ اضافة‬
: ‫ مثل‬most ‫ و‬more ‫-- أما في الكلمات التي تزيد عن مقطعين نستخدم‬Wonderful , more wonderful , the most wonderful
‫ مع الفضل‬the ‫ولحظ اننا دائما نضع‬
‫ والثالثة تسمى‬comparative ‫ والثانية تسمى‬positive (‫-- وتسمى الكلمة الصلية )المجردة‬
...
K
...

: adjectives ‫ وال‬adverbs ‫-- ونلحظ أن في حالتي ال‬‫ كبقية الكلمات ، أما إذا كان‬est ‫ أو‬er ‫ قبله حرف متحرك تأخذ‬Y ‫1( إذا كانت الكلمة تنتهي ب‬
: ‫ مثل‬I ‫ ونضع مكانها‬y ‫ نحذف ال‬y ‫هناك حرف ساكن قبل ال‬
Grey , greyer , greyest / busy , busier , busiest
‫ وقبله حرف متحرك ، نضاعف الحرف‬y ‫2( أما إذا كانت الكلمة تنتهي بحرف ساكن غير ال‬
big , bigger , biggest / hot , hotter , hottest: ‫الخير ، مثل‬
: ‫3( يمكن استخدام الكلمات التي تعني كمية قبل مقارنة الظروف والصفات ، وذلك مثل الكلمات‬
a bit / a little / much / a lot / far (H
...
)
ex : He is much (a lot) richer than her / this watch is much more expensive
than the other one / may you walk a bit (a little) more slowly / the
discovery was far more dangerous than we thought at first
...
Ex : He speaks perfect Arabic
...


: ‫--- ومايلي هو جدول ببعض الصفات المنتظمة في تفضيلها‬

The following is a table of comparison of some regular adjectives :
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Fast
Young
Friendly

Faster [Meena]
Younger
More friendly

41

Fastest
Youngest
Most friendly

Beautiful
Interesting

More beautiful
More interesting

Most beautiful
Most interesting (H
...
)

: ‫--- ومايلي هو جدول ببعض الصفات الغير منتظمة في تفضيلها‬

The following is a table of comparison of some irregular adjectives:
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
Good
Bad (ill)
Little (uncountable)
Few (countable)
Near
Much (many)
Far
Late
Old
Out
Up
In [Meena]

Better
Worse
Less (lesser)
Fewer
Nearer
More
Farther (further)
Later
Older (elder)
Outer (utter)
Upper
Inner

Best (H
...
)
Worst
Least
Least
Nearest (next)
Most
Farthest (furthest)
Latest (last)
Oldest (eldest)
Outmost (utmost)
Upmost
Inmost (innermost)

Rectangular , correct: ‫-- ويوجد بعض الصفات التي ل توضع في صيغة التفضيل مثل‬--- Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together , ex : Roushdy lives
in a nice new house
...
K
...
/ Zaki's job is boring
...

ied ‫ قبله حرف ساكن تتحول إلي‬Y ‫وهنا أيضا نلحظ أن الصفات التي تنتهي ب‬
‫ قبله حرف متحرك تبقى كما هي‬y ‫ ، أما الصفات التي تنتهي ب‬worried, terrified ‫مثل‬

...
[Meena]
__________________________ ‫
...
W
______________________________________ ‫2( هم يتكلمون انجليزي بسهولة‬
_________________________________________ ‫3( هذا قميص أبيض جميل‬
_____________________________________ ‫4( هذا الفستان الصفر مريح جدا‬
____________________________________________ ‫5( هي أكثر صبرا منه‬
(H
...
)

H
...
Complete the following table : ‫أكمل الجدول التالي‬
42

Positive

Comparative [Meena]

Superlative

Fast
Better
Most
Quickly

The following is a table of some nouns and their adjectives :
Nouns
‫ المعنى‬Adjectives Nouns
‫ المعنى‬Adjectives
Accuracy
Aggression
Anger
Anxiety
Ascetic,
asceticism
Bigot, bigotry
Boredom
Bravery
Cleverness
Confidence
Creation
Death
Discipline
Energy
Equality
Faithfulness
Fluency
Friendliness /
friendship
Happiness
Hard-work
Heat
Height

‫دقة‬
‫عدوان‬
‫غضب‬
‫قلق‬
‫تقشف، زهد‬
(‫متعصب )في الرأي‬

‫ملل‬
‫شجاعة‬
‫ذكاء‬
‫ثقة‬
‫خليقة‬
‫موت‬
‫نظام ، تهذيب‬
‫طاقة‬
‫مساواة‬
‫ثقة‬
‫طلقة لسان‬
‫صداقة‬
‫سعادة‬
‫شغل بهمة‬
‫حرارة‬
‫ارتفاع‬

Accurate
Aggressive
Angry
Anxious
Ascetic

Honesty
Hunger
Joy (H
...
)
Kindness
Length

Bigoted

Loneliness
Loyalty
Maturity
Necessity
Nervousness
Outgo
Patience
Popularity
Probability
Rarity
Reality

Bored / boring

Brave
Clever
Confident
Creative
Dead
Disciplined
Energetic
Equal
Faithful
Fluent
Friendly
Happy
Hard-working

Hot
High

Responsibility

Selfishness
Shyness
Stupidity
Thirst
Wisdom

‫أمانة‬
‫جوع‬
‫فرح‬
‫طيبة‬
‫طول‬
‫وحدة ، وحدانية‬
‫وفاء‬
‫نضج‬
‫أهمية‬
‫عصبية‬
‫الخروج‬
‫صبر‬
‫شعبية ، شهرة‬
‫احتمال‬
‫ندرة‬
‫حقيقة ، واقع‬
‫مسئولية‬
‫أنانية‬
‫خجل‬
‫بلهة‬
‫عطش‬
‫حكمة‬

Honest
Hungry
Joyful
Kind
Long
Lonely
Loyal
Mature
Necessary
Nervous
Outgoing
Patient
Popular
Probable
Rare
Real
Responsible
Selfish
Shy
Stupid
Thirsty
Wise

Tenses [Meena] ‫الزمنة‬
simple ‫-- بالنسبة لل‬Present
I eat
You eat
He (she , it) eats
We eat
You eat
They eat

Simple (Simple Tense)
Past

Future

I ate
You ate
He (she , it) ate
We ate (H
...
)
You ate
They ate

I shall eat
You will eat
He (she , it) will eat
We shall eat
You will eat
They will eat

...
W
...
‫"أكمل الجدول التالي مثل السابق مستخدما الفعل "يشرب‬
Simple (Simple Tense)
43

‫‪Future‬‬

‫]‪Past [Meena‬‬

‫‪I shall drink‬‬

‫‪Present‬‬
‫‪I drank‬‬

‫‪I drink‬‬
‫‪You drink‬‬
‫‪He, she, it‬‬
‫‪We‬‬

‫-- وهنا ملحوظة هامة يجب معرفتها وهي انه هناك فرق بين‬‫ال ‪ s, es, ies‬الذين يأتوا مع ال ‪ verbs‬مع ‪ he, she, it‬في ال ‪ ، present‬وبين‬
‫ال ‪ s, es, ies‬الذين يأتوا عند جمع السماء ‪ ، nouns‬فمثل :‬
‫‪He (she, it) : eats, enjoys, / goes, does, / carries, tries‬‬
‫‪Pen-pens, toy-toys, / dish-dishes, box-boxes, / factory-factories‬‬
‫ولحظ في السطرين السابقين ان ال ‪ Y‬تتحول ل ‪ ies‬إذا كان قبلها حرف ساكن فقط ، أما اذا كان‬
‫قبلها حرف متحرك تبقى كما هي ونضيف لها ‪ s‬فقط‬
‫-- ولتوضيح استخدامات ال ‪ simple tense‬أكثر نأخذ أمثلة : )لحظ ال ‪( Key words‬‬‫
...
‪Last week she wrote many letters to her friends‬‬
‫)
...
(H
...
adjectives‬‬
‫-- وبالنسبة لل ‪ simple future‬يمكن عمله باسلوب آخر )بدون استخدام ‪ (shall, will‬وهو‬‫يتم ب ‪ v
...
I'll eat‬‬
‫ومن الممكن استخدام الثنين بدل بعض ، ولكن أحيانا ‪ going to‬تستخدم في حالت المستقبل‬
‫القريب وأحيانا تستخدم في اثبات النية في عمل شئ في المستقبل أو التخطيط للمستقبل أو في‬
‫‪[It is going to be hot today [Meena‬‬
‫الكلم عن شئ على وشك الحدوث مثل :‬
‫وبالطبع الفرق واضح بين ‪ going to‬وبين ال ‪) continuous‬الذي سنشرحه في ال ‪level‬‬
‫القادم( ، وهو ان ال ‪ ing‬في ‪ going to‬تكون دائما في ‪ ، going‬أما ال ‪ ing‬في ال ‪
...
tenses‬‬
‫44‬

‫ وخاصة الجزء الول فيه‬personal pronouns ‫نحتاج أن نتذكر هنا الجدول الخاص بال‬

...
K
...


Pr
Pa
Fu

Active

Passive

He eats apples
I ate an apple
They will eat apples (H
...
)

Apples are eaten by him
An apple was eaten by me
Apples will be eaten by them

"Y " ‫الحرف‬
Words (verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs) end in "a consonant + y" ,
we change the Y to I , to add es or ed or er or est or ly / but the Y
remains the same when we add ing :
Ex : country – countries / study – studies / apply – applied / easy – easier –
easiest / heavy – heavily // but study – studying
...
in the living room
...
I'll call him back
later
...
K
...

--- Hello John , are you busy? / well I'm eating lunch right now , can I call
you back later / sure no problem
...
(H
...
)
45


...
‪(H
...
وللسهولة أكثر سنأخذ من ال ‪ pronouns‬معهم كلهم في هذا‬
‫الجدول التالي "‪ "I‬فقط ، ثم نستخدم بقية ال ‪ pronouns‬مع بعض التطبيقات
...

‫ولننسى )بل دايما نذكر( أننا دائما سنختصر بعض الكلمات كالتي :‬
‫‪Present = pr
...
/ future = fu
...
p
...
‪= s
...
/ perfect = perf
...
(H
...
past participle (p
...
‪Pr‬‬

‫)
...
K‬‬

Pa
...

Continuous
Pr
...

V
...

Perfect
Pr
...
have + p
...

Pa
...

Perfect continuous Pr
...
have + been +
Pa
...

‫بسيط‬

I ate (yesterday , last night , in the past , ago)
I shall eat (tomorrow , next week , later) (H
...
)
I am eating (now , nowadays, today)
I was eating (while , as , when)
I shall be eating (tomorrow , at that time)
I have eaten (already , just , almost , nearly , since , yet , not
yet , ever , never , now , today)
I had eaten (before , after , when , until)
I shall have eaten (by) (H
...
)
I have been eating (for , since)
I had been eating (for , since , before)
I shall have been eating (for , on , after)


...
وكل واحد من‬tenses) ، s
...
, perf
...
cont 12) ‫ونلحظ اننا عندنا 21 زمن‬
key ‫
...
, pa
...
‫ وهي الكلمات التي تساعد في تكوين هذا الزمن‬words

...
pa ‫
...
وهو المستمر ، أي أنه فعل مستمر ألن في ال‬cont ‫- ال‬‫
...
(am eating ‫ )مثل‬verb ‫ في نهاية ال‬ing ‫ ثم‬verb be ‫أثناء وقت معين ، ويكون تركيبه ب‬
(‫
...
ويكون تركيبه ب‬

...
)مثل‬p
...
وهو التام المستمر ، وفيه نعرف طول مدة استمرار الفعل وبداية أو نهاية‬perf
...
مدة‬fu ‫
...
ما هي مدة استمراره إلي الن أو متى بدأ ، وفي ال‬pr ‫هذه المدة
...
ويكون تركيبه ب‬

...
W
...

‫ بسيط‬Pa
...

Continuous
Pr
...

V
...

Perfect
Pr
...

V
...
p
...

Perfect continuous Pr
...
have + been +
Pa
...


They always drink water (H
...
)
It
We
She
He
You
You
They
It
We
He
You

47

‫ أو علي‬pronouns ‫( في جداول أخرى مع بقية ال‬tense) ‫-- والن سنأخذ أمثلة عن كل زمن‬
...
K
...
‫أنا أصلي الن‬
They were playing yesterday when I met them
...
‫هي ستكون بتتمشى حينما تأتي غدا‬
: ‫ولعمل أسئلة وأجوبة‬
Are you praying now? / Yes, I'm praying now / No, I'm not -Were they playing yesterday when you met them? / Yes, they were playing
yesterday when I met them / No, they were not playing --
...


...
أثناء حدوث فعل‬pa ‫
...
، أثناء حدوث فعل آخر أو أثناء وقت‬fu ‫آخر أو أثناء وقت معين ، أو سيكون مستمر في ال‬

...
W
...
K
...
B
...
/ They are leaving for U
...
A
...

48

‫ أي‬continuous ‫التي ل تأتي في ال‬

(verbs)‫-- ويجب ملحظة أنه توجد بعض الفعال‬[Meena] : ‫ ومنها‬ing ‫لنضيف لها‬
Like , love , believe , hate , see , hear , understand , consist , contain ,
possess , belong , resemble , recognize , want
...
get - getting ‫الساكن ، مثل‬
continuous tense ‫ ، ممكن يكون الفعلين في ال‬past continuous ‫-- في ال‬Ex: While he was reading , the children were playing
...
K
...
K
...
W
...
K
...
/ No, I haven't prayed yet
...
/ No, she hadn't written it before he came
...
K
...
/ No, we shall not have done it by 6:00 o'clock
...
هو التام ، وهو فعل ، بيتم )بينتهي( أو‬perf ‫ونكرر هنا أيضا ماقلناه في صفحة 74 وهو أن ال‬
‫علي وشك النتهاء الن ، أو تم )انتهى( أو كان علي وشك النتهاء في الماضي بالمقارنة بفعل آخر‬
49


...
)مثل‬p
...
‫أو وقت معين‬
: perfect continuous ‫-- بالنسبة لل‬Present

I've been eating
You've been eating
He's been eating
She's been eating
It's been eating
We've been eating
You've been eating
They've been eating

Perfect continuous
Past
I had been eating
You had been eating
He had been eating
She had been eating
It had been eating (H
...
)
We had been eating
You had been eating
They had been eating

Future

I shall have been eating
You will have been eating
He will have been eating
She will have been eating
It will have been eating
We shall have been eating
You will have been eating
They will have been eating

H
...
complete the following table like the previous one using verb "talk"
"‫أكمل الجدول القادم مثل السابق مستخدما الفعل "يتكلم‬
Present

Perfect continuous
Past

Future

I've been talking (H
...
)

: ‫ولعمل أسئلة وأجوبة‬
Have you been playing here since 5:00 o'clock? / Yes
...
/ No, I haven't been playing here since 5:00 , I've
been playing just for half an hour
...
K
...

Will you have been studying here for 5 hours by 10:00 o'clock? / yes, we
shall have been studying here for 5 hours by 10:00 o'clock / No, we shall
not have been studying ----
...
هو التام‬perf
...
في صفحة 74 وهو أن ال‬perfect cont ‫ونكرر أيضا ما قلناه عن ال‬

...
في ال‬

...
و ال‬pa ‫هي مدة استمراره إلي الن أو متى بدأ ، وفي ال‬
‫ في نهاية‬ing ‫ ثم‬verb have + been ‫حدوث فعل آخر أو وقت معين
...
( have been eating ‫الفعل )مثل‬
H
...
Answer the questions with Yes and No: [Meena]
Is he drinking water now? Yes, _________________ No, __________________
Has she already eaten? Yes, __________________ No,____________________
50

Have they been praying for an hour now? Yes, ___________________________
(H
...
) No, _______________________________________________________
Were you talking when I called her? Yes, _______________________________
No, ___________________________________________________________
Will they have eaten when I come? Yes, ________________________________
No, ___________________________________________________________
Will you have finished eating when we come? Yes, _______________________
No, ___________________________________________________________
Do you always drink tea in the morning? Yes, ___________________________
No, ___________________________________________________________
Will she have been studying for an hour when we go to her?
Yes, __________________________________________________________
No, ___________________________________________________________

Conjugation of verbs ‫تصريف الفعال‬
‫( أو‬past participle) ‫( وإلي اسم المفعول‬past) ‫وهو تحويل الفعل ، إلي الماضي‬
[pronouns

...
eat ate eaten : ‫لهم قواعد في تصريفهم مثل‬
The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs(that take d) :
Regular verbs (that take "d")
Regular verbs (that take "d")
Present
‫ المعنى‬Past
Past
Present
‫ المعنى‬Past
Past
(infinitive)

Advise
Agree
Arrange
Care
Continue
Decide
Deserve
Hate
Hesitate

participle

‫ينصح‬
‫يوافق‬
‫يرتب‬
‫يعتني، يهتم‬
‫يستمر‬
‫يقرر‬
‫يستحق‬
‫يكره‬
‫يتردد‬

Advised
Agreed
---d
Cared
---d
Decided
---d
---d
---d

(infinitive)

Advised
Agreed
---d
Cared
---d
Decided
---d
---d
---d

Hope
Like
Love
Manage
Prepare
Promise
Refuse
Struggle
(H
...
)

participle

‫يرجو‬
‫يحب، يفضل‬
‫يحب‬
‫يدير‬
‫يحضر، يعد‬
‫يوعد‬
‫يرفض‬
‫يصارع‬

Hoped
Liked
Loved
---d
---d
---d
---d
---d

Hoped
Liked
Loved
---d
---d
---d
---d
---d
[Meena]

The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs(that take ed) :
Regular verbs (that take "ed")
Regular verbs (that take "ed")
Present
(infinitive)

‫المعنى‬

Past

Past
participle

Present
(infinitive)

51

‫المعنى‬

Past

Past
participle

Affect

‫يؤثر‬

Affected

Affected

Afford
Appear
Arrest
Ask
Attack
Avoid
Beg
Blink
Claim
Climb
Control
[Meena]
Demand

‫يمد ، يقدر‬
‫يظهر‬
‫يقبض على‬
‫يسأل‬
‫يهاجم‬
‫يتجنب‬
‫يتوسل‬
‫يرمش‬
‫يطالب ب‬
‫يتسلق‬
‫يتحكم‬

Afforded
---ed
Arrested
Asked
Attacked
Avoided
Begged
Blinked
Claimed
Climbed
---ed

Afforded
---ed
Arrested
Asked
Attacked
Avoided
Begged
Blinked
Claimed
Climbed
---ed

‫يطلب‬

---ed

Discuss
Drop
End
Expect
Fail
Float
Guess
Harvest
Heat
Intend

‫يناقش‬
‫يسقط‬
‫ينتهي‬
‫يتوقع‬

---ed
Dropped
Ended
Expected
Failed
Floated
---ed
---ed
---ed
---ed

---ed
(H
...
)
---ed
Dropped
Ended
Expected
Failed
Floated
---ed
---ed
---ed
---ed

‫يسقط، يرسب‬

‫يطفو‬
‫يخمن‬
‫يحصد‬
‫يسخن‬
‫ينوي‬

Learn
[Meena]
Need
Offend
Offer
Plan
Pretend
Regret
Resist
Seem
Shop
Slow
Smell
Spell
Start
Step
Stop
Switch
Threaten
Travel
Wait
Want
Water
Wish

‫يتعلم‬
‫يحتاج‬
‫يعثر‬
‫يقدم، يعرض‬

‫يخطط‬
‫يتظاهر‬
‫يندم‬
‫يقاوم‬
‫يبدو‬
‫يتسوق‬
‫يبطئ‬
‫يشم‬
‫يتهجى‬
‫يبدأ‬
‫يخطو‬
‫يقف‬
‫ينقل، يشغل‬
‫يهدد‬
‫يسافر‬
‫ينتظر‬
‫يريد‬
‫يسقي‬
‫يتمنى‬

Learned
(learnt)
Needed
Offended
Offered
Planed
---ed
---ed
Resisted
Seemed
Shopped
Slowed
Smelled
(smelt)
Spelled
(spelt)
Started
Stepped
Stopped

Learned
(learnt)
Needed
Offended
Offered
Planed
---ed
---ed
Resisted
Seemed
Shopped
Slowed
Smelled
(smelt)
Spelled
(spelt)
Started
Stepped
Stopped

---ed

---ed

---ed
Waited
Wanted
---ed
Wished

---ed
Waited
Wanted
---ed
Wished

---ed

---ed

The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs (that take ied) :
Regular verbs (that take "ied")
Regular verbs (that take "ied")
Present
‫ المعنى‬Past
Past
Present
‫ المعنى‬Past
Past
(infinitive)

Bury
Carry
Marry

‫يدفن‬
‫يحمل‬
‫يتزوج‬

[Meena]
Buried
Carried
Married

participle

(infinitive)

Buried
Carried
Married

Reply
Worry
[Meena]

‫يجاوب‬
‫يقلق‬

(H
...
)
Replied
Worried

participle

Replied
Worried

The following is a table of conjugation of some irregular verbs :
Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs
Present
(infinitive)

Am , is
(be)
Are (be)
Bear
Beat
Become
Begin

‫المعنى‬

Past

‫ يكون‬Was

Past
participle

Present

Been

Leave

(infinitive)

‫المعنى‬

Past

Past
Participle

‫يترك‬

Left

Left

Lent
Let
Lay
Lied
‫ يخسر، يفقد‬Lost

Lent
Let
Lain
Lied
Lost

[Meena]

‫يحتمل‬
‫يضرب‬
‫يصبح‬
‫يبدأ‬

Were
Bore
Beat
Became
Began

Been
Borne
Beat
Become
Begun

Lend
Let
Lie
Lie
Lose

52

‫يقرض‬
‫يجعل‬
‫يتمدد‬
‫يكذب‬

Bend
Bet
Bid
Bid
Bind
Bite
Bleed
Blow
Break
Breed
Bring
Build
Burst
Buy
Cast
Catch
Chide
Choose
Cling
[Meena]

Come
Cost
Creep
Cut
Deal
Dig
Do
Draw
(H
...
)

Dream
Drink
Drive
Dwell
Eat
Fall
Feed
Feel
Fight
Find
Flee
Fly
Forbear
Forbid
Forget
Forgive
Freeze
Get

‫يثتي‬
‫يراهن‬
‫يأمر‬
‫يزيد‬
‫يربط‬
‫يعض‬
‫ينزف‬
‫ينفخ‬
‫يكسر‬
‫يربي‬
‫يحضر‬
‫يبني‬
‫يفجر‬
‫يشتري‬
‫يلقي‬
‫يمسك‬
‫يوبخ‬
‫يختار‬
،‫يتعلق‬
‫يلتصق‬
‫يأتي‬
‫يتكلف‬
‫يزحف‬
‫يقطع‬
‫يتعامل‬
‫يحفر‬
‫يعمل‬
،‫يرسم‬
‫يسحب‬
‫يحلم‬
‫يشرب‬
‫يسوق‬
‫يسكن‬
‫يأكل‬
‫يقع‬
‫يغذي‬
‫يشعر‬
‫يتشاجر‬
‫يجد‬
‫يهرب‬
‫يطير‬
/‫يرفض‬
‫يترفق‬
‫يمنع‬
‫ينسى‬
‫يسامح‬
‫يجمد‬
‫يحضر‬

Bent
Bet
Bade
Bid
Bound
Bit
Bled
Blew
Broke
Bred
Brought
Built
Burst
Bought
Cast
Caught
Chided
Chose
Clung

Bent
Bet
Bidden
Bid
Bound
Bitten
Bled
Blown
Broken
Bred
Brought
Built
Burst
Bought
Cast
Caught
Chidden
Chosen
Clung

Make
Mean
Meet
Pay
Put
Read
Rebuild
Ride
Ring
Rise
Run
Saw
Say
See
Seek
Sell
Send
Set
Sew

Came
Cost
Crept
Cut
Dealt
Dug
Did
Drew

Come
Cost
Crept
Cut
Dealt
Dug
Done
Drawn

Shake
Shine
Show
Shrink
Shut
Sing
Sink
Sit

Dreamt
Drank
Drove
Dwelt
Ate
Fell
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Fled
Flew
Forbore

Dreamt
Drunk
Driven
Dwelt
Eaten
Fallen
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Fled
Flown
Forborne

Slay
Sleep
Slide
Smell
Sow
Speak
Speed
Spell
Spend
Spill
Split
Spread
Spring

Forbade
Forgot
Forgave
Froze
Got

Forbidden
Forgotten
Forgiven
Frozen

‫يصنع‬
‫يعني‬
‫يقابل‬
‫يدفع‬
‫يضع‬
‫يقرأ‬
‫يعيد بناء‬
‫يركب‬
‫يرن‬
‫يرتفع، يقوم‬

‫يجري‬
‫ينشر‬
‫يقول‬
‫يرى‬
‫يبحث‬
‫يبيع‬
‫يرسل‬
‫ينظم، يثبت‬
‫يخيط‬

Made
Meant
Met
Paid
Put
Read
Rebuilt
Rode
Rang
Rose
Ran
Sawed
Said
Saw
Sought
Sold
Sent
Set
Sewed

Made
Meant
Met
Paid
Put
Read
Rebuilt
Ridden
Rung
Risen
Run
Sawn
Said
Seen
Sought
Sold
Sent
Set
Sewn

Shook
Shone
Showed
Shrank
Shut
Sang
Sank
Sat

Shaken
Shone
Shown
Shrunk
Shut
Sung
Sunk
Sat

(H
...
)

‫يهز‬
‫يلمع‬
‫يظهر، يفرج‬

‫ينكمش‬
‫يغلق‬
‫يغني‬
‫يغطس‬
‫يجلس‬

[Meena]

‫يذبح‬
‫ينام‬
‫يتزحلق‬
‫يشم‬
‫يبذر‬
‫يتكلم‬
‫يسرع‬
‫يتهجى‬
‫يصرف‬
‫يدلق‬

Slew
Slept
Slid
Smelt
Sowed
Spoke
Sped
Spelt
Spent
Spilt
‫ يفصل، يشق‬Split
‫ ينشر‬Spread
‫ يقفزلعلى‬Sprang

Slain
Slept
Slid
Smelt
Sown
Spoken
Sped
Spelt
Spent
Spilt
Split
Spread
Sprung

[Meena]

Got / gotten

Stand
Steal
Stick
Sting
Strike

53

‫يقف‬
‫يسرق‬
‫يلصق‬
‫يلذغ‬
‫يضرب‬

Stood
Stole
Stuck
Stung
Struck

Stood
Stolen
Stuck
Stung
Struck

Give
Go
Grind
Grow
Hang
Hang
Have

‫يعطي‬
‫يذهب‬
‫يطحن‬
‫ينمو‬
‫يشنق‬
‫يعلق‬
، ‫يملك‬
‫عنده‬
‫يسمع‬
‫يخبي‬
‫يخبط‬
‫يمسك‬
،‫يضر‬
‫يجرح‬
،‫يحفظ‬
‫يخلي‬
‫يركع‬
‫يعرف‬
‫يضع‬
‫يقود‬

Hear
Hide
Hit
Hold
Hurt
Keep
Kneel
Know
Lay
Lead

Gave
Went
Ground
Grew
Hanged
Hung
Had

Given
Gone
Ground
Grown
Hanged
Hung
Had

Strive
Swear
Sweep
Swim
Swing
Take
Teach

‫يجاهد‬
‫يحلف‬
‫يكنس‬
‫يسبح‬
‫يتأرجح‬
‫يأخذ‬
‫يعلم‬

Strove
Swore
Swept
Swam
Swung
Took
Taught

Heard
Hid
Hit
Held
Hurt

Heard
Hidden
Hit
Held
Hurt

Tear
Tell
Think
Throw
Wear

‫يمزق‬
‫يقول‬
‫يفكر‬
‫يرمي‬
‫يلبس‬

Tore
Told
Thought
Threw
Wore

Torn
Told
Thought
Thrown
Worn

Kept

Kept

Weep

‫يبكي‬

Wept

Wept

Knelt
Known
Laid
Led

Win
Write

‫يكسب‬
‫يكتب‬

Won
Wrote

Won
Written

[Meena]

Striven
Sworn
Swept
Swum
Swung
Taken
Taught
(H
...
)

(H
...
)

Knelt
Knew
Laid
Led

‫-- والن برجاء ، قبل النتقال للباب التالي ، اقرأ هذا الباب مرة أخرى حتى لتنساه أبدا لكي‬
...
K
...
‫أي ان الكلم يكون الفاعل معلوما من هو ، او ان يكون الفاعل مجهول‬
‫ هي أن نعمل جدول‬active and passive voices ‫أحسن وأسهل طريقة لفهم واتقان ال‬
‫ ومع تكميل‬pronouns ‫ الموجود في صفحة 74 مع تغيير شوية في ال‬tenses ‫من جدول ال‬
‫ وخاصة‬personal pronouns ‫جزء في الجملة
...
‫ وهكذا‬him ‫" تتحول ل‬he"‫ ، و‬me ‫" تتحول ل‬I" ‫الجزء الول فيه حيث نجد مثل أن‬
I [Meena]
You
He
She
It
We
You
they

Tenses
Sim
...

Per
...
c
...
K
...
K
...
( future ‫ في‬will
verb ‫
...
p ‫ يكون دائما فيه ال‬passive voice ‫2( تكوين ال‬
: ‫فنجد أنه‬

...
p ‫ من‬passive ‫ يتكون ال‬simple ‫في ال‬

...
p ‫ يتكون من‬continuous ‫وفي ال‬

...
p ‫ يتكون من‬Perfect ‫وفي ال‬

...
p ‫
...
Cont ‫وفي ال‬

...
W
...


Con
...


p
...


Pr
Pa
Fu
Pr
Pa
Fu
Pr
Pa
Fu
Pr
Pa
fu

Active

Passive [Meena]

You drink milk
She drank milk (H
...
)
We shall drink milk
You
She
We
You

Milk is drunk by you
Milk was drunk by her

‫ ، بنفس اسلوب الجدول السابق ، في كل‬two objects ‫-- والن لنأخذ جملة أطول فيها مفعولين‬passive ‫الزمنة ، وسنجد طريقتين لعمل ال‬
Active (H
...
)

She tells me stories
I told them a story
They will tell us stories

Passive

Stories are told to me by her
I am told stories by her
A story was told to them by me
They were told a story by me
Stories will be told to us by them

55

She is telling me stories
I was telling them a story
They will be telling us stories
She has told me stories [Meena]
I had told them a story (H
...
)
They will have told us stories
She has been telling me stories
I had been telling them a story
They will have been telling us stories

We shall be told stories by them
Stories are being told to me by her
I am being told stories by her (H
...
)
A story was being told to them by me
They were being told a story by me
Stories will be being told to us by them
We shall be being told stories by them
Stories have been told to me by her
I have been told stories by her
A story had been told to them by me
They had been told a story by me
Stories will have been told to us by them
We shall have been told stories by them
Stories have been being told to me by her
I have been being told stories by her (H
...
)
A story had been being told to them by me
They had been being told a story by me
Stories will have been being told to us by them
We shall have been being told stories by them

to ‫ أو‬to me ‫ونلحظ ان هذا الجدول هو نفسه الجدول السابق له ، ولكن فقط أضفنا فيه‬

...
[Meena]
I was given two hours by him to make my decision
...
‫انه لن يهمنا من هو الفاعل‬
H
...
Complete the following table like the previous one using verb "teach"
Active [Meena]
He teaches you English
We taught them Eng
...

You are taught Eng
...
K
...
was taught to them by us

You will teach her Eng
...


Eng
...

You
He has taught you Eng
...
‫--- وهذه بعض أمثلة أخرى‬

The room looks nice, somebody has cleaned it
The room looks nice, it has been cleaned (by somebody)
The room looked nice, somebody had cleaned it
The room looked nice, it had been cleaned (by somebody)

key words ‫والن لنأخذ بعض أمثلة من الجداول السابقة مع استخدام‬
--- Every Sunday she tells them some short stories =
Every Sunday some short stories are told to them by her
--- While he was writing the letter , they came =
They came while the letter was being written by him
--- By 6:00 o'clock , I'll have told them a story =
By 6:00 o'clock a story will have been told to them by me
--- He has been writing the report to his manager for an hour now =
The report to the manager has been being written by him for an hour now
...
K
...

57

It is believed that Noha eats one meal a day / Noha is believed to eat one
meal a day
...
K
...

It is reported that two people were killed / Two people are reported to
have been killed
...
(he got someone else to do it)
: ‫وبنفس اسلوب الجملة الثانية ، يمكن ان نكتب الجمل التالية‬
We are
Where did you
Roushdy has just
I want to

Have
having
have
had
have

Object
the house
your hair (H
...
)
a telephone
my photograph

Past part
...

The following is a table of some verbs with their meanings , nouns and
their adjectives :
Present
‫ المعنى‬Nouns [Meena]
Adjectives
(infinitive
)
Act
Affect
Amaze
Apostate
Bear
Beat
Blacken
Bleed
Blow
Bow
Break
Build
Care
Choose
Come
Compete
Correct
Differ
Do
Eat
Encourage
Entertain

‫يعمل، يمثل‬
‫يؤثر‬
‫يدهش‬

Action, actor,
Effect
Amazement
‫ يرتد عن العقيدة‬Apostasy
‫ يحتمل‬Bearing (H
...
)
‫ يضرب‬Beat / beating
‫ يسود‬Black
‫ ينزف‬Bleeding
‫ ينفخ‬Blow / blowing
‫ يحني، ينحني‬Bow / bowing
‫ يكسر‬Break / breakage
‫ يبني‬Builder / building
‫ يعتم‬Care
‫ يختار‬Choice / choiceness
‫ يأتي‬Coming
‫ ينافس‬Competition
‫ يصحح‬Correction, corrector
‫ يختلف‬Difference
‫ يعمل‬Doing
‫ يأكل‬Eater
‫ يشجع‬Encouragement / courage
‫ يسلي‬Entertainment

58

Acting, active
Effective
Amazed / amazing
Apostate
Bearable
Beaten
Black
Bleeding
Blown
Bowing
Broken
Built / built-up
Careful
Choice / chosen
Coming [Meena]
Competitive
Correct
Different (H
...
)
Done
Eatable / uneatable
Encouraging / courageous
Entertaining

Exchange
Excite
Fly (H
...
)
Forgive

‫يبدل‬
‫يثير‬
‫يطير‬
‫يسامح‬

Infect
Inform
Lose
Make
Marry
Organize
Perfect
Practice
Pride
Read
Redden
Regulate
Rise
Save
Write

‫يعدي‬
‫يبلغ‬
‫يخسر‬
‫يصنع‬
‫يتزوج‬
‫ينظم‬
‫يجعله كامل‬
‫يمارس، يتمرن‬
‫يفتخر‬
‫يقرأ‬
‫يحمر‬
‫ينظم‬
‫يقوم‬
(
...
K) ‫ينقذ‬
‫يكتب‬

Grow

Exchange
Excitement
Fly / flying
Forgiver / forgiveness

Exchangeable
Excited / exciting
Flying
Forgiving

Infection
Information
Loser / loss

Infectious
Informative
Lost
Made / made-up
Married
Organized
Perfect
Practical
Proud
Readable / Unreadable
Red
Regular
Risen
Safe
Written

‫ ينمو‬Growth / grower

Make / make-up / maker / making

Marriage
Organization
Perfection / perfectionist
Practice
Pride
Read / reader / reading
Red
Regulation / regularity
Rise / rising
Safety
Writer / writing

Grown / grown-up

The following is a table of some verbs with their meanings , past, past
participle, nouns and their adjectives :

Verb

‫ المعنى‬Past

Committed

adultery
Advised

adultery
Advised

‫يشفع، يحامي‬
‫يصيب، يؤذي‬
‫يدهش‬
‫يمسح، يدهن‬
‫يعين، يرسم‬
‫يحتمل/ تحبل‬
‫يطوب‬
،(‫يولد )للذكور‬
‫ينجب‬
‫يؤمن‬
‫يوهب، يمنح‬
‫يخون‬
‫يخطب‬
‫يربط‬
‫يلوم، يؤنب‬

---d
---ed
---d
---ed
---ed
Bore
---ied
Begot

---d
---ed
---d
---ed
---ed
Borne
---ied
Begotten

---d
---ed

---d
---ed

---ed
---ed
Bound
---ed

---ed
---ed
bound
---ed

‫يجدف‬
‫يبارك‬

---ed
---ed

---ed
---ed

Advocate
Afflict
Amaze
Anoint
Appoint
Bear
Beatify
Beget
[Meena]
Believe
Bestow
Betray
Betroth
Bind
Blame

‫ينصح‬

Adjective

Accusation, accuser
Adaptation, adapter
Adoption, adoptionism
Adultery, adulteration
Adulterer, adulteress
Advice, adviser, advisor,
advisability
advocate
Affliction
Amazement
Anointing, anointment
Appointment
Bearing
Beatification
Begetting

Accusing
Adaptable
Adaptive
Adulterous

Believable

Blame

Committed

(
...
K) ‫يتهم‬
‫يتكيف‬
‫يتبنى‬
‫يزني، يفسق‬

Noun

Believer, belief
Bestowal
Betrayal, betrayer
Betrothal

Accused
Adapted
Adopted

participle
Accused
Adapted
Adopted

Accuse
Adapt
Adopt
Adultery
(commit)
Advise

Blaspheme
Bless

Past

Blameful,
blameless,
blameworthy

Blasphemy, blasphemer
Blessedness, blessing

59

Advisable,
advisory
[Meena]
Afflicted
Amazing
Anointed
Bearable
Beatified
(H
...
)

Blessed,

Bound
Breathe
Cast
Catechize
(H
...
)
Celebrate
Chasten,
chastise
Chase
Circumcise

Comfort
Command
Confess
Consecrate
Contribute
Corrupt

‫يحدد )يعطي‬
(‫حدود‬
‫يتنفس، يتنسم‬
‫يلقي، يطرد‬
‫يعلم بالسؤال‬
‫والجواب‬
‫يحتفل‬
‫يؤدب‬
‫يطارد‬
‫يختن‬
‫يعزي، يريح‬

---ed

Boundary, boundlessness

---d
Cast

---d
Cast
---d

Breath, breather
Cast, casting
Catechism, catechist

Breathless
Cast

---d
---ed,
---d
---d
---d
---ed
---ed

Celebration, celebrity
Chastening, chastisement

Celebrated
Chaste

Chase
Circumcision
Comfort, comforter

Circumcised

Confessant, Confessor,
Confession
Consecration

Confessed
(H
...
)
Consecrated
Contributory
Corrupt

---d
---d

---ed,
---d
---d
---d
---ed

‫يوصي، يأمر‬

---ed

‫يعترف، يقر‬

---ed
[Meena]
---d

---ed

---d
---ed

،‫يكرس‬
‫يخصص‬
‫مساهمة، عطاء‬
‫يفسد‬

Command, Commandment,
Commander, Commandant

---d

Create
Do
Darken
Deafen
Die
Deepen
Defile
Deliver
(H
...
)
Descend
Divorce
Donate
Elect
Enchant

‫يخلق‬
‫يعمل‬
‫يغمق، يظلم‬
‫يجعله أصم‬
‫يموت‬
‫يعمق‬
‫ينجس‬
‫ينقذ / يسلم‬

---d
Did
---ed
---ed
---d
---ed
---d
---ed

---d
---ed
[Meena]
---d
Done
---ed
---ed
---d
---ed
---d
---ed

‫ينزل، يهبط‬
‫يطلق‬
‫يهب، يتبرع‬
‫يختار‬
‫يسحر، يشعوز‬

---ed
---d
---d
---ed
---ed

---ed
---d
---d
---ed
---ed

Fast
Forgive

‫يصوم‬
‫يغفر، يسامح‬

---ed
Forgave

---ed
Forgiven

Free
Guide
Leaven
Legalize

‫يحرر‬
‫يرشد‬
‫يخمر‬
‫يقنن، يحعله‬
‫شرعي‬
‫يحيا، يعيش‬

---d
---d
---ed
---d

---d
---d
---ed
---d

---d

---d

Contribution, contributor
Corruption, corrupter,
corruptness
Creator, creation, creature
Doer
Darkness, dark
Deafness
Death
Depth, deepness
Defilement
Deliverer, delivery,
deliverance
Descendents, descent
Divorce, divorcee
Donator, donation
Elector, election
Enchanter, enchantress,
enchantment
Fast, fasting
Forgiveness
(H
...
)
Freedom
Guide, guidance
Leaven
Legality, legalism,
legalization
life, living

‫يحب‬
‫يتأمل‬
‫يخدم‬
‫يعثر، يضايق‬

---d
---d
---ed
---ed

---d
---d
---ed
---ed

Love, lover
Meditation
Minister, ministry
Offence, offense, offender

Live
Love
Meditate
Minister
Offend

blessing
Boundless

---ed

60

Comfortable
Commanding

Creative
Done
Dark
Deaf
Dead
Deep
Defiled
Delivered
Divorced
Elect, electoral
Enchanting,
enchanted
Forgiven,
forgiving
Free
Leavened
Legal
Living, live,
alive
Loving, lovely
Meditative
Ministerial
Offencless,
offensive

Oppress
Praise

‫يظلم‬
‫يسبح‬

---ed
---d

---ed
---d

Oppression, oppressor
Praise

Pray
Proceed
Prophesy

‫يصلي‬
‫ينبثق، يتقدم‬
‫يتنبأ‬

---ed
---ed
---ied

---ed
---ed
---ied

Reform
Represent

‫يصلح‬
‫يمثل، ينوب‬

---ed
---ed

---ed
---ed

‫يعلن‬
(
...
K)
‫ينهض‬
‫يراجع‬
‫يرمز‬

---ed

---ed

Prayer
Procession, proceedings
Prophecy, prophet,
prophetess
Reformist, reformation
Representation,
representative
Revelation

---d
---d
---d

---d
---d
---d

---d
---d

---d
---d

Reveal
Revive
Revise
Symbolize
(H
...
)
Terrorize
Vote

‫يرهب، يفزع‬
‫ينتخب‬

Revival
Revision
Symbol, symbolism,
symbolization
Terror, terrorism, terrorist
Vote, voter, voting

Level 11 [Meena]

Oppressive
Praiseworthy
praising
Prayerful
Processional
Prophetic,
prophetical
Reformed
Representative
Revealing,
revealed
Revived
Revised
Symbolic,
symbolical
Terrorist
Voting, votive

(H
...
)

Conditional If ‫)لو )الشرطية‬
‫ يكون النصف الثاني ب‬present ‫ كان في ال‬if ‫ببساطة جدا نقول : 1( انه لو جزء الجملة بعد‬
‫ ، ويكون المقصود كلم عن المستقبل )وليس الحاضر( ، مثل‬will
If he prays , you will succeed
...


...
(or / past perf
...

If he had been praying , you would have succeeded
...
W
...

61

If I were you , I would pray every time
...
K
...

‫ يمكن أن نأتي بالجزء الخير من الجملة أول‬if ‫ونلحظ أن في كل هذه الجمل ، أي دائما مع‬
‫ في الجزء الخير ، مثل‬if ‫وتكون‬
I'll meet him if he goes to the club tomorrow
...
If he were at home , he would help her
‫يمكن أن نقول‬

...

2) What would you do if you had a lot of money? I'd buy a car
...
K
...

--- 1) If you have a lot of money , will you buy a car?
Yes, I will buy a car
...

2) If you had a lot of money , would you buy a car?
Yes, I would
...
[Meena]
3) If you had had a lot of money , would you have bought a car? Yes, I'd
have bought a car
...

‫-- وكما قلنا من قبل ، الزمن المقصود في نمرة )1( هو المستقبل وفي نمرة )2( هو الحاضر‬
...
3) I'd ‫ اختصار‬I shall
...
I had ‫واختصار‬
H
...
Answer the questions with Yes and No:
If he has good health, will he help her?
Yes, _________________________ No, _________________________
If they prayed a lot, would she give you some help?
Yes, _________________________ No, _________________________
If we had prayed, would they have succeeded? [Meena]
Yes, _________________________ No, _________________________
‫فيكون كل شئ كما هو ، نفس القواعد ونفس‬

"if not" ‫بدل‬

unless ‫وممكن استخدام‬
: ‫المعنى ، أمثلة‬

If he doesn't work hard , they won't pay him
...

If he didn't go out , we would visit him
...
K
...

If I hadn't visited your brother , I wouldn't have seen you
...

Sheriff can't hear unless you shout :‫" مثل‬except if" ‫ تعني‬unless ‫-- وأحيانا‬: would ‫ بدل من‬if ‫ مع‬could , might ‫-- ويمكن أيضا استخدام‬We could go out if it stopped raining
...

We might have won if we'd played better
...

‫ يظل كل شئ كما هو ، ولكن يكون المقصود هو التمني )تمني‬if ‫ بعد‬only ‫-- واذا أضفنا‬: ‫ في الصفحة القادمة ، ولكن كمثال‬wish ‫حدوث الشئ( ، وهذا سندرسه مع‬
If only he was at home , he would help her
...
Ex
...

[2] If the wish is in the present simple (or present continuous), we use
past tense after "wish" (H
...
)
Ex: 1) I am short , I wish (if only) I was tall (I wish I wasn't short)
2) I don't have a nice watch , if only I had this watch
...

4) Omar and Aly are shouting, their father wishes they would stop arguing
...

--- 6) If the wish is fulfilled , there would be a consequence
...

[3] If the wish is in the past, we use past perfect tense after "wish"
Ex: 1) He ate too much , he wishes he hadn't eaten too much
...
[Meena]
--- 3) If the wish was fulfilled , there would have been a consequence
...
(H
...
)
--- [4] love to / like to (would --) (‫)بمعنى التمني وليس بمعنى محبة‬
1) I'd love to get a car
...

3) She would like to buy a house
...
2( وعندما يكون الفعل في الماضي يكون الزمن الذي يقصده المتكلم هو‬
‫ يكون الزمن الذي يقصده المتكلم هو‬past perfect ‫الحاضر
...
If I'd known that you were ill, I'd have
gone to see you
...
I wish (if only) I'd known that you were
ill, then I'd have gone to see you
...

Unless he goes to the club tomorrow, I'll not meet him
...

2) If I were you, I would pray every time
...
K
...

I wish (if only) I were you, then I would pray every time
...

Unless he had informed the police, he would have been killed
...

H
...
complete the following
If they went home, she would see them
Unless ___________________________________________________
I wish (if only) _____________________________________________
‫ التي تعني‬only if ‫ ، وبين‬wish ‫ التي تعني‬if only ‫-- ملحوظة : يجب التمييز بين‬: ‫ ، مثال‬as long as , or , provided that , or , providing that
You may use my car as long as (but only if) you drive carefully
...
"( ، وقد تختلف الصيغة قليل ولكن الكثر استخداما هو‬C
...

Sincerely yours
Magdy Youssef
(
...
K ‫-- ممكن نبدأ ب‬: ‫ بأي واحدة مما يأتي‬sincerely yours ‫-- وممكن نختم بدل‬Yours sincerely / yours respectfully / respectfully yours
...
Dear sir ‫والتاريخ ، وممكن أيضا نضع التاريخ على اليمين أعلى من‬
‫ أو بدائلها، على اليسار، ونضع تحتهم الوظيفة‬sincerely yours ‫-- وممكن أن نضع‬
...
‫ نكمل بكتابة الوظيفة المطلوبة ورقم اعلنها‬Dear sir ‫-- وممكن في أول سطر تحت‬:‫نلخص كل ما فات بانه من الممكن أن يكون الجواب كالتي‬

………………
...

Cairo , Egypt

November 13, 2003
64

Dear Sir or Madam,
I would like to apply to work for (‫ , )جهة العمل‬as a
"Construction Engineer", Job announcement # 1234
...
…… ………… …………
……………
...
V
...
resume ‫
...
V" ‫لحظ انه يمكن كتابة‬
: ‫وعادة تكون السيرة الذاتية كالتي‬

Name :
Telephone # :
E-mail address :
Mailing address :
Objective :
Education :
Experience : (start with the most recent job or the current job , and write the
date , for instance :) (H
...
)

From: November 2001- To: Now (or may 2003)
(then describe your job)

…………
...

………
...

……
...
W
...
V
...

Street directions : Excuse me , how can I get to ABC club? / go straight
ahead , make left at this coming square , then turn right on the second
street , it'll be on your left hand side
...
(H
...
)
Everyday life : Have the children left for school , honey ? / yes , they
have , darling
...
/
and I'll help some before going to work / oh yes , you must hurry , the
traffic is very heavy today
...

-- It's bedtime / not yet dad / ok
...

-- Where is he ? / At the bank / where is the bank ? / on 33 Ramses st
...

-- Good morning mother / good morning son / where are my sandwiches ?
/ come and have breakfast at the table , it is better for your health
...
/ ok
...
S
...

-- Do you want me to bring you anything for lunch? / No, thanks I had
eaten a sandwich before I left home
...
S
...

-- Are Ahmed and George doing their homeworks? / no, they aren't /
what are they doing? / they are playing on the computer / since when? /
they have been doing this since six o'clock (for 3 hours now)
...

It is great to love our parents, life partener, children, friends, and
everyone, and even our enemies
...
Therefore, love should be wise and
spiritual, for there are kinds of false love that may cause harm and may
destroy a lot of things
...

What may false love cause? _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________
What is the greatest thing? ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________
About the following topic: Virtues and vices with other concepts
...

2) Write an essay (at least 7 lines)
...
K
...
K
...
[Meena]
: ‫وبالنسبة للكلمات التية تظل كما هي‬
Must , might , could , would , should , ought
: (‫والمثلة التالية توضح هذه القواعد )المثلة التالية مرتبة حسب ترتيب القواعد في الجدول السابق‬
1) Statements (said to -- / told -- that)
1) Mark said to me, "I am learning French" - direct
He told me that he was learning French
- indirect (reported)
2) He said to Mary, "I will come tomorrow"
He told Mary that he would go the next day
...

67

4) He said, "If I had the money , I would buy a house"
...

5) When what is said is a fact, it remains the same
...
K
...

2) Questions (said to -- / asked – if, asked --, wanted to know )
--- Roushdy said, "What time do the banks close?"
He wanted to know what time the banks closed
...

--- The policeman said to us, "Where are you going?"
He asked us where we were going
--- "Did you speak French?" He said to me
...

3) Commands (said to -- / ordered -- to , requested --to , asked -- to)
--- He said to me, "Go away"
He ordered me to go away [Meena]
--- He said to him, "Play the piano, please"
He requested him to play the piano
...

All the previous examples are when what was said , was in the past
(said to), but if the act is in the present (say) or in the future (will say) , the
sentence does not change
...
(H
...
)
2) He will say, "This work is too difficult"
He will say that this work is too difficult
...
W
...
B
...

2) It's not always necessary to change the verb when we change the
direct into the indirect speech (the reported speech) especially if we are
reporting (saying) something and we feel that it is still true or still
happening : (H
...
)
Ex: Ahmed said "I want to go to Egypt"
Ahmed said (that) he wants (or wanted) to go to Egypt
...


: ‫كلمات متشابهة وتوضيح الفروق بينها في جمل‬

(‫
...
W
Above / over : who live in the flat above you? / the lamp is over the desk
Near / beside / next to : our house is near the sea / we sit beside each
others / our house is next to the bank
...
K
...

May / might : might is the past of may , and sometimes it is used when
there is less possibility , and also for politeness
...

What is he doing now? He might be watching TV
...

Leave / stop / forsake (leave forever) / quit (stop and leave) :
Ex : she left her book on the desk / you must stop this loud noise / they
all forsook him after he had become poor / he quit smoking
Speak / talk :
69

Ex : do you speak English / speak good things / it is I who speak /
I'll not talk much with you because I have something to do / this is he
whom you need to talk to
...

NB
...
2) This hotel was used as a hospital
...


Things to know

‫ في حالة‬in case of / ‫ علشان لو‬in case

After "in case" comes "subject + verb" , but after "in case of" comes "noun"

--- He wears two watches in case one of them stops
...

We rang the bell again in case they hadn't heard the first time
...

during ‫ وبين‬while ‫الفرق بين‬
After while comes "subject + verb" , but after during comes "noun"

Ex: He ate while he was watching TV
...
/ I needed to rest / the house needs cleaning
I don't need to rest / I didn't need to rest / the house doesn't need
cleaning [Meena]
I needn't rest / I needn't have rested (it wasn't necessary but I rested) / the
house needn't cleaning
...

Turn (put) your mind to it
...
Never (don't) mind, we'll get another one
...
, may I have your ticket and passport? / sure , here you are /
thanks , the boarding time is ten fifteen , and here is your boarding pass /
thank you
...

Ordering goods from a supermarket : Yes, please , I'd like some goods
to be sent to my home / sure sir , can I take your home address / yea, I live
in 33 Rameses St
...

Tourism : Where are you from ? / I'm from Cairo, Egypt / oh, that's great,
I'd love to visit Egypt sometime / you're very welcome, and you'll find
good hospitality from all Egyptians there
At the railway station : Can I help you? / yes please, I'd like a ticket to
Aswan / what day and time ? / next Monday at 7:00 am
...
here you are / thank you / you're
very welcome
...
K
...
/ Thank you
...
Among the useful things that suits
leisure time , to those who can read and like reading , is to read
...

Another method is listening, listen to your father and mother, to friends, to
cassette tapes and to the T
...
, but in all this you should choose useful
things for you
...

To summarize the whole matter , everything can be useful to me if I do it
the right way, in the right place and in the best time
...

2) Write an essay (at least 10 lines)
...


72


Title: تعلم واتقن الانجليزية بسهوله
Description: كتاب يشمل كل ما يخص اللغه الانجليزية