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Title: Lab Report of Acid Base Titration Lab
Description: 1st year notes of Honors Chemistry Lab. I used this lab report to study for my final and being able to look at specific data and explanations helped me retain all the important information of acid/base titration. The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~.1M NaOH and use it to determine the amount of acid in an unknown sample. Introduction walks through the important terms and methods used in titrations and the definitions of acid and bases for a deeper understanding. The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~.1M NaOH and use it to determine the amount of acid in an unknown sample. Includes actual results and a walk through of many calculations and thoroughly explanation of all explanations and results. Conclusion included.
Description: 1st year notes of Honors Chemistry Lab. I used this lab report to study for my final and being able to look at specific data and explanations helped me retain all the important information of acid/base titration. The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~.1M NaOH and use it to determine the amount of acid in an unknown sample. Introduction walks through the important terms and methods used in titrations and the definitions of acid and bases for a deeper understanding. The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~.1M NaOH and use it to determine the amount of acid in an unknown sample. Includes actual results and a walk through of many calculations and thoroughly explanation of all explanations and results. Conclusion included.
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Titration of Acids and Bases Lab Report
Dates Performed: Feburary 22nd March 4th 2016
Introduction
The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~
...
Standardization is the
process of determining a solution’s concentration to a precise degree
...
An acid is defined as a molecule that can donate one of its protons/hydrogens in a chemical
reaction
...
In this lab, our acid, or proton donor, will be potassium hydrogen phthalate, which
is abbreviated as KHP
...
Molarity
of a solution is the number of moles of the substance in the solution divided by the number of
liters of the solution
...
Equivalence point does not always
mean a pH value of 7
...
Using this
data, we will calculate the molarity by converting the mass of KHP used into moles using its
gram formula mass
...
Then we will take that number of moles of NaOH and
divide it by the volume used, which is the final volume reading minus the initial volume reading,
to find the molarity
...
Next, we will find the
volume used by subtracting the final and initial volume readings, convert that measurement from
milliliters into liters
...
This will give us the moles of NaOH, which is evidently the
moles of KHP, because we are the equivalence point
...
To find
the percent KHP, we will divide the grams of KHP calculated by the mass by difference of the
sample used in the titration and multiply by 100
...
Fill the buret with NaOH, then allow to drain until all air bubbles are
removed
...
2
Weigh the sample of KHP by difference, record masses to the thousandth of a gram
...
Add two drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask and swirl
...
Slowly add the NaOH from the buret while consistently swirling the
solution until the solution in the flask turns a very light and faint shade of pink
...
Repeat until you have three samples that agree within 3 parts per thousands of eachother
...
Weigh by difference a sample of the impure
mixture containing KHP, record mass to the thousandth of a gram
...
Add two drops of the
phenolphthalein indicator and swirl
...
Record the final volume reading on the buret
...
Repeat these steps three times
...
4900
22
...
1058
Trial 2
0
...
40
0
...
3734
17
...
1058
Average Molarity: 0
...
55
Mass by difference of Volume of NaOH
impure KHP sample (mL)
(g)
Percent KHP
Trial 1
0
...
86
30
...
4752
8
...
46%
Trial 3
0
...
65
30
...
81%
Analysis
In each trial, molarity was calculate by first finding the mass by difference of the KHP
sample used
...
Next, we converted the grams of KHP in each sample to moles of KHP
by dividing it by the gram formula mass of KHP, which is 204
...
When the solution is
titrated to its equivalence point, the moles of acid equal the moles of the base
...
Next, for each trial, we subtracted the initial volume
reading on the buret from the final volume reading and converted it from milliliters to liters
...
Finally, we divided our calculated number of moles of NaOH by the volume used in each
trial for the molarity of each trial
...
8780 − 2
...
49g
1 mol
0
...
2 g = 0
...
0024 mol KHP=
...
70 − 0
...
69 mL
22
...
02269 L
0
...
02269 L = 0
...
7695 − 2
...
398g
1 mol
0
...
2 g = 0
...
00194 mol KHP=
...
30 − 23
...
4 mL
18
...
0184 L
0
...
0184 = 0
...
7680 − 2
...
3734g
1 mol
...
2 g = 0
...
001829 mol KHP=
...
89 − 15
...
29 mL
17
...
01729 L
0
...
01729 = 0
...
First, we determined the mass by difference of the sample used
the same way we did before
...
Using that value,
we multiplied it by the average molarity from part 1, 0
...
Since the solution was at the equivalence point, it is also the moles of KHP
...
Then, we divided that value
by the mass of KHP used in the trial and multiplied by 100 for the percent of KHP
...
8213 − 2
...
4840 g
Volume of NaOH:
20
...
55 = 6
...
86
1000 = 0
...
00686 * 0
...
000726 mol
1 L
...
000726
mol KHP
...
2 g =
...
148206 g
...
62%
Sample Mass:
2
...
4884 = 0
...
33 − 21
...
24 mL
8
...
00824 L
0
...
1058 mol = 0
...
000872 mol NaOH =
...
000872 mol * 204
...
17802 g
1 mol
...
4752 g * 100 = 37
...
9647 − 2
...
4736 g
Volume of NaOH:
35
...
33 = 6
...
65
1000 = 0
...
00665 *
...
000704 mol
1 L
...
000704
mol KHP
...
2 g =
...
143669 g
...
34%
A possible source of error came from the titration in the second trial of the second part of
the lab
...
Since that
amount of NaOH did not make it into our flask, the volume difference we recorded from the
buret was too high for what actually made it into the flask
...
A higher number of moles means a higher number of grams of KHP
...
This explains why the percent KHP for our second trial was higher than the other two trials,
which were relatively close to each other
...
While emptying the KHP into the flask, we spilled some on the table, missing the flask
...
Therefore, we had fewer moles of KHP in the flask than we calculated there to be
...
This affected
our calculations because the volume of NaOH recorded and used was too small for the number
of moles we thought we had in the flask, therefore giving us a higher molarity of NaOH
...
1059M not 0
...
Next time, we will close the buret all the way before removing the flask from underneath
it
...
This will ensure us of a more accurate volumetric reading of NaOH used in the titration
which will evidently improve our results
...
By
doing so, the mass by difference of the sample will be more accurate to what is in the solution,
and the volume of NaOH used in the titration will be correct for the amount of KHP in the
solution
...
1M NaOH by titrating an acidic solution of KHP
with phenolphthalein indicator
...
Our standardized molarity was
...
Our average percent KHP from
three trials was 32
...
Our sources of error came from spilling a few drops of NaOH from
the buret, and spilling some of the KHP out of the flask before it was titrated
Title: Lab Report of Acid Base Titration Lab
Description: 1st year notes of Honors Chemistry Lab. I used this lab report to study for my final and being able to look at specific data and explanations helped me retain all the important information of acid/base titration. The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~.1M NaOH and use it to determine the amount of acid in an unknown sample. Introduction walks through the important terms and methods used in titrations and the definitions of acid and bases for a deeper understanding. The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~.1M NaOH and use it to determine the amount of acid in an unknown sample. Includes actual results and a walk through of many calculations and thoroughly explanation of all explanations and results. Conclusion included.
Description: 1st year notes of Honors Chemistry Lab. I used this lab report to study for my final and being able to look at specific data and explanations helped me retain all the important information of acid/base titration. The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~.1M NaOH and use it to determine the amount of acid in an unknown sample. Introduction walks through the important terms and methods used in titrations and the definitions of acid and bases for a deeper understanding. The purpose of this lab was to use techniques of titration to standardize a bottle of ~.1M NaOH and use it to determine the amount of acid in an unknown sample. Includes actual results and a walk through of many calculations and thoroughly explanation of all explanations and results. Conclusion included.