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Title: F214 Communication
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Communcation and Homeostasis. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Communcation and Homeostasis. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.
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Tanisha Patel
(a) outline the need for communication systems within multicellular organisms, with reference
to the need to respond to changes in the internal and external environment and to coordinate
the activities of different organs;
● Cell signalling
● Rapid communication
● Sequential processes
● Cover the whole body
● Need to keep internal environment constant
● Keep enzymes/biological pathways at an efficient rate
(b) state that
cells need to communicate with each other by a process called cell signalling
(c) state that
neuronal and hormonal systems are examples of cell signalling
(d) define the terms negative feedback, positive feedback and homeostasis;
Negative system opposes the changes, effectors bring body back to original state
(homeostasis)
e
...
thermoregulation
Positive system enhances the changes, effectors maintain and increase change
(not
homeostasis)
e
...
dilating cervix
Homeostasis maintenance of constant conditions in the internal environment of the body,
during changes of the internal/external environment
e
...
vasoconstriction of arterioles near the skin surface
(e) explain the principles of homeostasis in terms of receptors, effectors and negative feedback;
1) Any change is stimuli, this is detected by receptors
...
(efferent pathway)
4) Effectors reverse the change and send impulses back to the receptors (negative
feedback)
1
Tanisha Patel
(f) describe the physiological and behavioural responses that maintain a constant core body
temperature in ectotherms and endotherms;
Endotherms
(independent of
external environment)
Ectotherms
(dependent of external
environment)
Behaviour Hot
Move into shade/burrow
...
Lower activity levels
...
Cold
Move into sun/burrow
...
Increase activity levels
...
Hot
Avoid sun, seek shade
...
Avoid sitting on hot ground
...
Cold
Bask
...
Physio
Hot
Sweat glands/panting
...
Cold
Hairs stand as erector pili muscles
contract
...
Skeletal muscles contract and relax
rapidly (shivering)
...
Cold
Increase activity
...
Active at various hours and wide
range of habitats
...
Can change shape easily
Can live in extreme deserts
...
Rapid exhaustion
...
2
Title: F214 Communication
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Communcation and Homeostasis. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Communcation and Homeostasis. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.