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Title: F214 Respiration
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Respiration. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Respiration. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.
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Tanisha Patel
Respiration
(a) outline why plants, animals and microorganisms need to respire, with reference to active transport
and metabolic reactions;
● Transport methods (active transport, exocytosis/secretion and endocytosis)
● Metabolic reactions
● Replication of DNA, organelles, cell division
● Movement (flagella, cilia, muscles)
● Activation of chemicals (phosphorylation of glucose)
(b) describe, with the aid of diagrams, the structure of ATP;
(c) state that
ATP provides the immediate source of energy for biological processes
...
(h) explain, with the aid of diagrams and electron micrographs, how the structure of mitochondria enables
them to carry out their functions;
● Matrix
high concentration of enzymes and proteins and NAD to carry out respiration reaction
contains mitochondrial DNA, codes for specific enzymes and proteins
contains mitochondria ribosomes, that assemble specific proteins
● Inner membrane
folded into cristae to make a larger surface area
different lipid composition, impermeable to small ions
has many electron carrier proteins and ATP synthase enzymes embedded
high protein to phospholipid ratio (lots of proteins)
● Outer membrane
proteins (channel and carrier) allowing passage of molecules like pyruvates
(i) state that
the link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
...
(l) state that
the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
...
Total= 4 ATP, 10 NADH, 6CO2
, 2 FADH2
2
Tanisha Patel
(n) explain that
during the Krebs cycle, decarboxylation and dehydrogenation occur, NAD and FAD are
reduced and substrate level phosphorylation occurs;
(o) outline the process of oxidative phosphorylation, with reference to the roles of electron carriers, oxygen
and the mitochondrial cristae;
(p) outline the process of chemiosmosis, with reference to the electron transport chain, proton gradients and
ATP synthase (HSW7a);
● Movement of H+ ions down a proton gradient
● Across a semipermeable membrane
● Through the ATPsynthase molecule
(q) state that
oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
...
IMS must be involved in
making ATP
...
Less protons to make proton
motive force
ATP is used to actively transport pyruvate into mitochondrial matrix
3
Tanisha Patel
ATP used to bring H+ from NADH made during glycolysis, into the cytoplasm, into the
mitochondria
...
● The higher the number of hydrogen atoms per mole, the higher the relative energy value, as more
NAD molecules can be reduced & used in the Electron Transport Chain
...
4
Tanisha Patel
Respiratory quotient CO2 given out / O2 taken in = figure gives you indication of what respiratory
substrate you are using
Substrate
RQ figure
Carbs
1
...
7
Proteins
0
...
The distance moved shows volume of O2 taken up
...
NADH x 3 = number of ATP made
Approx
...
5kJ
38 x 30
Title: F214 Respiration
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Respiration. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Respiration. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.