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Title: F215 Cellular Control
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Cellular Control. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.

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Tanisha Patel 

Cellular Control  
 
a) state that ​
genes code for polypeptides, including enzymes
...
  
 
● Genetic codes are non­overlapping 
● They are triplet codons (codons) 
● They are degenerate codes ­ all amino acids bases have more than one code, except 
the start codon (methionine)  
● Stop codons do not code for an amino acid 
 
(c) describe, with the aid of diagrams, the way in which a nucleotide sequence codes for the 
amino acid sequence in a polypeptide;  
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Tanisha Patel 

(d) describe, with the aid of diagrams, how the sequence of nucleotides within a gene is used to 
construct a polypeptide, including the roles of messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomes; 
 

 

 

 
 
 
 
e) state that​ utations cause changes to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA molecules
...

2
...

4
...
 
Neutral: 
● Silent mutation ­ different codon occurs for same amino acid, so no protein change
...
 
● The mutation occurs in intron region (junk DNA)
...
 

 
Tanisha Patel 

 
h) explain genetic control of protein production in a prokaryote using the ​ ​
lac operon;  

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
i) explain that the genes that control development of body plans are similar in plants, animals 
and fungi, with reference to homeobox sequences; 

 
Tanisha Patel 

● Homeobox genes are regulatory genes containing 180 pairs, forming homeobox sequence
...
 

 
● In this way they switch on and off genes responsible for the development of body plans
...
 

 
● Process leads to an orderly and tidy cell death, unlike cell necrosis, which leads to the 
release of harmful hydrolytic enzymes and only occurs when cells are too damaged to 
survive
...
 

 
● Cells reach the “Hayflick limit”
Title: F215 Cellular Control
Description: Simple but detailed notes, directly answering criteria on the specification for Cellular Control. Although, the OCR Biology spec has changed some topics may well be the same/similar. Please preview before purchase if interested.