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Group Dynamics

University of Bolton

Word Count: 1960

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Egan (1977) proposed five different types of roles people tend to adopt when they
are part of a team: the Detractor, the Observer, the Participant, the Contributor and
the Leader
...
The
observer does not initiate conversations and tends to not play an active role within
the group
...

However, the participant is dependent on other’s initiatives and does not develop
discussions
...
This member takes
initiative, shows assertiveness and respects other members
...
Finally, the leader is similar to the
contributor in terms of their proactive nature, but the leader also gives direction to the
group
...
For example: encouraging, reviewing and managing
the other group members or their work
...
For example, in the early
stages of the group forming, a group member may be a ‘participant’ but as the team
evolves this same group member could then become a ‘contributor’
...
We reflect on a range of everyday problems
and circumstances all the time: What went well? What did not? Why? And by
assessing our strengths and weaknesses, it helps us to develop different and more
effective ways of acting in the future (Greggans, 2005)
...
The
team within this setting will be tested against Egan’s model in order to describe and
analyse the roles each team member has adopted
...
This is useful because it can provide
guidance towards the areas I need to improve on
...

The care team in the care home setting, used in this account, consists of three
carer workers and one nurse
...
The nurse
demonstrates typical leader characteristics as she delegates day to day tasks and
informs the care workers on the goals they need to meet
...
The nurse achieves this by working within the team rather than
directing it from above
...

The day to day tasks at the care home are split between the three care workers on
that shift
...
For example,
residents who require hoisting require two carers, as these residents require
physically demanding work
...

I am one of the three care workers in one of the shifts at the care home in this
reflective account
...
Sarah has been identified as a contributor

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and James has been identified as a detractor
...
The reasons to
why Sarah and James have been identified as these roles will be made clear in this
reflective account
...
Schön’s model will be used
as a guiding framework for this reflective account
...
Reflection in action involves reflection during an event
...
Reflection on action, on the other hand,
involves reflecting after an event
...

This account is based around a resident, called Winona
...
Winona is a new resident in
the nursing home, she is 76 years old, and has been experiencing a slow decline in
physical health over the last few years
...
Winona is also urinary
incontinent and immobile, which means that she needs to be hoisted on a daily
basis
...

One evening, Sarah, James and I were instructed to provide Winona’s personal
care
...
Sarah and I tried to sit Winona up in bed by using a slide sheet
...
In response, Sarah and I sat her up again without saying anything
...

Sarah took a proactive response and decided to address the issue directly with
Winona in order to identify exactly why she was reluctant to cooperate
...
Meanwhile, I
stood and watched the conversation between Winona and Sarah and awaited
instructions from Sarah
...

During the whole course of this interaction, James talked about what he did over the
weekend and generally distracted myself and Sarah
...

Once we had finished delivering care to Winona I talked to James on his own and
told him that he needs to help the residents more and share the workload, as it was
unfair to let me and Sarah do most of the work
...
James did not respond well to this
and became quite uncooperative and awkward towards me for the rest of the day
...
Also, as Sarah was taking the lead I decided to wait for her
instructions before contributing
...
For the future, I
have realised that I should be more proactive when handling situations
...

Another interaction that Schon’s reflection in action will be used on is the interaction
between me and James
...
However, when reflecting on action, I realised that this was
not the best approach
...
I was not James’s manager
so perhaps it was not my place to talk to him like that
...

Another point I thought was important was the use of team meetings in reflecting on
action
...
When team meetings are held, everyone must
remember that everyone has the right to express their opinions and suggestions, to
know all ideas are welcome, to establish legalities in terms of having the duty to not
disclose information illegally and to make sure that all data is kept safely and
securely (Moss, 2008)
...
This enhances
collaboration within the setting and also improves care by increasing coordination of
services, especially in complex situations (Chiasson et al, 2007)
In conclusion, I have identified my strengths and weaknesses by using Egan’s role
models and Schon’s reflective models
...
Although, I have identified my strengths, it is also
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important to identify my weaknesses so that these can addressed in the future so
that I can improve myself
...
This would be especially
counter-productive if all care workers in a team adopted this ‘participant’ role, as
everyone would be waiting around for someone else to take lead
...
My ability to respond to criticism in an objective way allows me to
improve quickly as opposed to someone who takes criticism personally
...
Although I have a strength in receiving feedback, I also
have a weakness when giving feedback
...
However, I have now
realised that some people are not as tenacious as others
...
In the future, I need to adopt a different approach to different
colleagues so that I can provide feedback which will be useful for the receiver
...

If these weaknesses are taken into account, then I can progress from a participant
role into a contributor role, as I would be displaying characteristics which are more
related to the contributor as opposed to the participant
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Bibliography:
Chiasson, M
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, Kaplan, B
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(2007) ‘Expanding multidisciplinary approaches to healthcare information technologies: What does
information systems offer medical informatics?’ International Journal of Medical
Informatics, 76 (1), s89-s97
Egan, G
...
You and Me: The skills of communicating and relating to other
...

Greggans, A
...
Reflection [Online] Available at:
http://www
...
ac
...
PDF
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, Forshaw, C
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(2002)
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Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers
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Mind Tools (2014)
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Available at: http://www
...
com/pages/article/newTMM_85
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[Accessed 22nd November 2014]
Moss, B
...
Communication Skills for Health and Social Care
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pp
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Southampton Solent University (2014)
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Available at:
http://mycourse
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ac
...
php?id=2732&chapterid=1113
...
Team Roles [Online]
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com/quality_tools/toolbook/Teamwork/team_meetings
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, Thompson, N
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The Critically Reflective Practitioner
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p
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, De Souza, J
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, Stephens, P
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(2000)
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London: HarperCollins Publishers
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