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061 – GENERAL NAVIGATION
061-01

BASICS OF NAVIGATION
061-01-01 The Solar System

8260
...
Assuming mid-latitudes (40o to 50o N/S)
...
What is the approximate date of perihelion, when the Earth is nearest to the
Sun?
A – Beginning of January
B – End of December
C – Beginning of July
D – End of March
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

8334
...
Seasons are due to the:
A – Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun
B – inclination of the polar axis with the ecliptic plane
C – Earth’s rotation on its polar axis
D – variable distance between Earth and Sun
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B

061-01-02 The Earth
8261
...

What is the difference between the great circle track at A and B?
A – it increases by 6o
B – it decreases by 6o
C – it increases by 3o
D – it decreases by 3o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8264
...
5 deg
B – 23
...
3 deg
D – 65
...
Given:
Value for the ellipticity of the Earth is 1/297
...
4 km
...
9
B – 6 378
...
0
D – 6 399
...
At what approximate latitude is the length of one minute of arc along a
meridian equal to one NM (1852 m) correct?
A – 45o
B – 0o
C – 90o
D – 30o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8312
...
What is the UTC time of sunrise in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (49N
123 30W) on the 6th December?
A – 2324 UTC
B – 0724 UTC
C – 1552 UTC
D – 0738 UTC
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

8316
...
In order to fly from position A (10o00N, 030o00W) to position B (30o00N),
050o00W), maintaining a constant true course, it is necessary to fly:
A – the great-circle route
B – the constant average drift route
C – a rhumb line track
D – a straight line plotted on a Lambert chart
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
8332
...
At what approximate date is the earth closest to the sun (perihelion)?
A – End of June
B – End of March
C – Beginning of July
D – Beginning of January
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D

9754
...
What is a line of equal magnetic variation?
A – An isocline
B – An isogonal
C – An isogriv
D – An isovar
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
9778
...
Parallels of latitude, except the equator are:
A – both Rhumb lines and Great circles
B – Great circles
C – Rhumb lines
D – are neither Rhumb lines nor Great circles
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

9818
...
5o
B – 25
...
5o
D – 66
...
Given:
The coordinates of the heliport at Issy les Moulineaux are:
N48o50 E002o16
...
5
B – S48o50 E177o43
...
5
D – S41o10 E177o43
...
An aircraft at latitude 02o20N tracks 180o(T) for 685 km
...
An aircraft departing A(N40o 00’E080o00’) flies a constant true track of 270o
at a ground speed of 120 kt
...
If an aeroplane was to circle around the Earth following parallel 60oN at a
ground speed of 480 kt
...
The angle between the true great-circle track and the true rhumb-line track
joining the following points: A (60oS 165oW) B (60oS 177oE), at the place of
departure A, is:
A – 7
...
6o
D – 5
...
An aircraft flies the following rhumb line tracks and distances from position
04o00N 030o00W: 600 NM South, then 600 NM East, then 600 NM North,
then 600 NM West
...
Which of the following statements concerning the earth’s magnetic field is
completely correct?
A – Dip is the angle between total magnetic field and vertical field component
B – The blue pole of the earth’s magnetic field is situated in North Canada
C – At the earth’s magnetic equator, the inclination varies depending on
whether the geographic equator is north or south of the magnetic equator
D – The earth’s magnetic field can be classified as transient semi-permanent
or permanent
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
16272
...
5o (T)
B – 80
...
You are flying from A (50n 10W) to B (58N 02E)
...
5o
B – 9
...
2o
D – 6
...
Radio bearings:
A – are Rhumb lines
B – cut all meridians at the same angle
C – are Great circles
D – are lines of fixed direction
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

16290
...
The earth may be referred to as:
A – round
B – an oblate spheroid
C – a globe
D – elliptical
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
16317
...
A line which cuts all meridians at the same angle is called a:
A – Line of variation
B – Great circle
C – Rhumb line
D – Agonic line
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

16319
...
The shortest distance between 2 point of the surface of the earth is:
A – a great circle
B – the arc of a great circle
C – half the rhumb line distance
D – Rhumb line
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
16321
...
5 convergency
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
16322
...
The Earth is:
A – A sphere which has a larger polar circumference than equatorial
circumference
B – A sphere whose centre is equidistant (the same distance) from the Poles
and the Equator
C – Considered to be a perfect sphere as far as navigation is concerned
D – None of the above statements is correct
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
25187
...
(Refer to figure 061-14)
When it is 1000 Standard Time in Kuwait, the Standard time in Algeria :
A – 0700
B – 1200
C – 1300
D – 0800
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D

8272
...
(Refer to figures 061-13 and 061-15)
An aircraft takes off from Guam at 2300 Standard Time on 30 April local date
...
What is
the Standard Time and local date of arrival (assume summer time rules apply)?
A – 1715 on 30 April
B – 1215 on 1 May
C – 1315 on 1 May
D – 1615 on 30 April
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8693
...
In which months is the difference between apparent noon and mean noon the
greatest?
A – November and February
B – January and July
C – March and September
D – June and December
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
9753
...
Which is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the
horizon and set every day?
A – 62o
B – 68o
C – 72o
D – 66o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
9774
...
On
the same day, at 52oS and 035oW, the sunrise is at:
A – 2143 UTC
B – 0243 UTC
C – 0743 UTC
D – 0523 UTC
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

9785
...
What is the local mean time, position 65o25N 123o45W at 2200 UTC?
A – 1345
B – 2200
C – 0615
D – 0815
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
10946
...
The Local Mean Time at longitude 095o20W at 0000 UTC, is:
A – 1738:40 same day
B – 0621:20 same day
C – 1738:40 previous day
D – 0621:20 previous day
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

15423
...
Civil twilight is defined by:
A – sun altitude is 12o below the celestial horizon
B – sun altitude is 18o below the celestial horizon
C – sun upper edge tangential to horizon
D – sun altitude is 6o below the celestial horizon
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
21450
...
(Refer to figure 061-04)
Given:
TAS is 120 kt
ATA ‘X’ 1232 UTC
ETA ‘Y’ 1247 UTC
ATA ‘Y’ is 1250 UTC
What is ETA ‘Z’?
A – 1257 UTC
B – 1302 UTC
C – 1300 UTC
D – 1303 UTC
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
24028
...
Morning Civil twilight begins when:
A – the sun’s upper edge is tangential to the celestial horizon
B – the centre of the sun is 12o below the celestial horizon
C – the centre of the sun is 18o below the celestial horizon
D – the centre of the sun is 6o below the celestial horizon
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D

24058
...
When the time is 2000 UTC, it is:
A – 1400 LMT at 90o West
B – 2400 LMT at 120o West
C – 1200 LMT at 60o East
D – 0800 LMT at the Prime meridian
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
24061
...
On 27 Feb, at S5210
...
0, the sunrise is at 0230 UTC
...
0 W03500
...
The UTC of the end of Evening Civil Twilight in position N51000’ W008000’
on 15 August is:
A – 1928 UTC
B – 1944 UTC
C – 2000 UTC
D – 2032 UTC
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
25192
...
The months in which the difference between apparent noon and mean noon is
greatest are:
A – February and November
B – January and July
C – March and September
D – June and December
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

25269
...
If it is 0700 hours Standard Time in Kuwait, what is the Standard Time in
Algeria?
A – 0500
B – 0900
C – 1200
D – 0300
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

061-01-04 Distances
8289
...
The north and south magnetic poles are the only positions on the earth’s
surface where:
A – a freely suspended compass needle will stand horizontal
B – isogonals converge
C – a freely suspended compass needle will stand vertical
D – the value of magnetic variation equals 90o
Ans: C

15426
...
A great circle on the Earth running from the North Pole to the South Pole is
called:
A – a longitude
B – a parallel of latitude
C – a difference of longitude
D – a meridian
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
24013
...
The track followed is a:
A – constant-heading track
B – rhumb line
C – great circle
D – constant-drift track
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
24021
...
How many small circles can be drawn between any two points on a sphere?
A – One
B – None
C – An unlimited number
D – Two
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
24027
...
In which occasions does the rhumb line track and the great circle track
coincide on the surface of the Earth?
A – On East-West tracks in polar areas
B – On high latitude tracks directly East-West
C – On East-West tracks in the northern hemisphere north of the magnetic
equator
D – On tracks directly North-South and on East-West tracks along the Equator
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
24057
...
How many feet are there in 1 sm?
A – 3
...
280 ft
C – 6
...
000 ft
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
16288
...
280 ft
B – 5
...
080 ft
D – 1
...
How many feet are there in a km?
A – 3
...
280 ft
C – 6
...
000 ft
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
16291
...
25 inches?
A – 92
...
014 m
C – 14
...
05 cm
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

16292
...
5 km?
A – 31
...
160 ft
C – 57
...
500 ft
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
16293
...

A – 1
...
652m
C – 1
...
962m
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
24005
...
The distance along a meridian between 63o55’N and 13o47’S is:
A – 3008 NM
B – 7702 NM
C – 5008 NM
D – 4662 NM
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D

24055
...
What is the rhumb line distance, in nautical miles, between two positions on
latitude 60oN, that are separated by 10o of longitude?
A – 300 NM
B – 520 NM
C – 600 NM
D – 866 NM
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

061-02

MAGNETISM AND COMPASSES
061-02-01 General Principles

8325
...
What is the value of magnetic dip at the South Magnetic Pole?
A – 360o
B – 180o
C – 090o
D – 0o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
8348
...
Isogonic lines connect positions that have:
A – the same variation
B – 0o variation
C – the same elevation
D – the same angle of magnetic dip
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

8354
...
What is the definition of magnetic variation?
A – The angle between the direction indicated by a compass and Magnetic
North
B – The angle between True North and Compass North
C – The angle between Magnetic North and True North
D – The angle between Magnetic Heading and Magnetic North
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
8358
...
Isogonals converge at the:
A – Magnetic equator
B – North and South geographic and magnetic poles
C – North magnetic pole only
D – North and South magnetic poles only
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B

8375
...
Complete the following statement regarding magnetic variation
...
Which of these is a correct statement about the Earth’s magnetic field?
A – It acts as though there is a large blue magnetic pole in Northern Canada
B – The angle of dip is the angle between the vertical and the total magnetic
force
C – It may be temporary, transient, or permanent
D – It has no effect on aircraft deviation
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8389
...
Isogonals are lines of equal:
A – compass deviation
B – magnetic variation
C – pressure
D – wind velocity
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
8391
...
An aircraft is over position HO (55o30N 060o15W), where YYR VOR (53o30N
060o15W) can be received
...
What is the radial from YYR?
A – 031o
B – 208o
C – 028o
D – 332o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
8397
...
The angle between True North and Magnetic North is called:
A – compass error
B – deviation
C – variation
D – drift
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
8408
...
This is due to:
A – movement of the magnetic poles, causing an increase
B – increase in the magnetic field, causing an increase
C – reduction in the magnetic field, causing a decrease
D – movement of the magnetic poles, which can cause either an increase or a
decrease
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
8414
...
The agonic line:
A – is midway between the magnetic North and South poles
B – follows the geographic equator
C – is the shorter distance between the respective True and Magnetic North
and South poles
D – Follows separate paths out of the North polar regions, one currently
running through Western Europe and the other through theUSA
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
8427
...
Which of the following statements concerning earth magnetism is completely
correct?
A – An isogonal is a line which connects places with the same magnetic
variation; the agonic line is the line of zero magnetic dip
B – An isogonal is a line which connects places with the same magnetic
variation; the aclinic is the line of zero magnetic dip
C – An isogonal is a line which connects places of equal dip; the aclinic is the
line of zero magnetic dip
D – An isogonal is a line which connects places with the same magnetic
variation; the aclinic connects places with the same magnetic field
strength
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B

9740
...
The Earth can be considered as being a magnet with the:
A – blue pole near the north pole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic
force pointing straight up from the earth’s surface
B – red pole near the north pole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic
force pointing straight down to the earth’s surface
C – blue pole near the north pole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic
force pointing straight down to the earth’s surface
D – red pole near the north pole of the earth and the direction of the magnetic
force pointing straight up from the earth’s surface
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
9771
...
At the magnetic equator:
A – dip is zero
B – variation is zero
C – deviation is zero
D – the isogonal is an agonic line
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

9783
...
Where is a compass most effective?
A – About midway between the earth’s magnetic poles
B – In the region of the magnetic South pole
C – In the region of the magnetic North pole
D – On the geographic equator
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
9819
...
When accelerating on a westerly heading in the northern hemisphere, the
compass card of a direct reading magnetic compass will turn:
A – clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north
B – clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the south
C – anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the north
D – anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn towards the south
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

16296
...
When a magnetized compass needle is freely suspended in the Earth’s
magnetic field, and affected by extraneous magnetic influence, it will align
itself with:
A – true North
B – magnetic North
C – compass North
D – relative North
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
16299
...
When the Magnetic Pole is West of the True North pole variation is:
A – + and easterly
B – - and easterly
C – - and westerly
D – + and westerly
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

16301
...
The agonic line is:
A – a line of zero magnetic deviation
B – a line of equal magnetic deviation
C – a line of zero magnetic variation
D – a line of equal magnetic variation
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
16304
...
Deviation is:
A – an error to be added to magnetic headings
B – a correction to be added to magnetic heading to obtain compass heading
C – a correction to be added to compass heading to obtain magnetic heading
D – an error to be added to compass heading to obtain magnetic heading
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

24043
...
The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field:
A – weakens with increasing distance from the nearer magnetic pole
B – weakens with increasing distance from the magnetic poles
C – is stronger closer to the magnetic equator
D – is approximately the same at all magnetic latitudes less than 60o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
25196
...
An aircraft is accelerating on a westerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere;
the effect on a Direct Reading Compass will result in:
A – An apparent turn to the West
B – An indication of a turn to the North
C – A decrease in the indicated reading
D – An indication of a turn to the South
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B

25198
...
An aircraft, in the Northern Hemisphere, turns right from 330(C) in a Rate 1
Turn for 30 secs
...
An aircraft is accelerating on a westerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere
...
What is the maximum possible value of Dip Angle?
A – 66o
B – 180o
C – 90o
D – 45o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C

061-02-02 Aircraft Magnetism
8339
...
5
Drift = 10R
What is Heading (C)?
A – 078 C
B – 346 C
C – 358 C
D – 025 C
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
8341
...
When an aircraft on a westerly heading on the northern hemisphere accelerates,
the effect of the acceleration error causes the magnetic compass to:
A – lag behind the turning rate of the aircraft
B – indicate a turn towards the north
C – indicate a turn towards the south
D – to turn faster than the actual turning rate of the aircraft
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B

8373
...
Concerning direct reading magnetic compasses, in the northern hemisphere, it
can be said that:
A – on an Easterly heading, a longitudinal acceleration causes an apparent turn
to the South
B – on an Easterly heading, a longitudinal acceleration causes an apparent turn
to the North
C – on a Westerly heading, a longitudinal acceleration causes an apparent turn
to the South
D – on a Westerly heading, a longitudinal deceleration causes an apparent turn
to the North
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
8381
...
You are in the Northern hemisphere, heading 135C on a Direct Reading
Magnetic Compass
...
Do you roll
out on an indicated heading of:
A – greater than 225
B – less than 225
C – equal to 225
D – not possible to determine
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8389
...
Compass deviation is defined as the angle between:
A – True North and Magnetic North
B – Magnetic North and Compass North
C – True North and Compass North
D – The horizontal and the total intensity of the earth’s magnetic field
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
8401
...
Deviation applied to magnetic heading gives:
A – magnetic course
B – true heading
C – compass heading
D – magnetic track
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
8411
...
An aircraft in the northern hemisphere makes an accurate rate one turn to the
right/starboard
...
When accelerating on an easterly heading in the Northern hemisphere, the
compass card of a direct reading magnetic compass will turn:
A – anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south
B – clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the south
C – anti-clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north
D – clockwise giving an apparent turn toward the north
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D

8423
...

You stop the turn at the correct time
...
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the effect of turning
errors on a direct reading compass?
A – Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are least at high
latitudes
B – Turning errors are greatest on east/west headings, and are least at high
latitudes
C – Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are greatest at
high latitudes
D – Turning errors are greatest on east/west headings, and are greatest at high
latitudes
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
9767
...
One purpose of a compass calibration is to reduce the difference, if any,
between:
A – compass north and magnetic north
B – compass north and true north
C – true north and magnetic north
D – compass north and the lubber line
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

061-02-03 Principles; Direct & Remote Reading Compasses
8343
...
The main advantage of a remote indicating compass over a direct reading
compass is that it:
A – is able to magnify the earth’s magnetic field in order to attain greater
accuracy
B – has less moving parts
C – requires less maintenance
D – senses, rather than seeks, the magnetic meridian
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
8352
...
Which of the following is an occasion for carrying out a compass swing on a
Direct Reading Compass?
A – After an aircraft has passed through a severe electrical storm, or has been
struck by lightning
B – Before an aircraft goes on any flight that involves a large change of
magnetic latitude
C – After any of the aircraft radio equipment has been changed due to
unserviceability
D – Whenever an aircraft carries a large freight load regardless of its content
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8366
...
A direct reading compass should be swung when:
A – there is a large, and permanent, change in magnetic latitude
B – there is a large change in magnetic longitude
C – the aircraft is stored for a long period and is frequently moved
D – the aircraft has made more than a stated number of landings
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

8372
...
The main reason for usually mounting the detector unit of a remote indicating
compass in the wingtip of an aeroplane is to:
A – facilitate easy maintenance of the unit and increase its exposure to the
Earth’s magnetic field
B – reduce the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and
electrical circuits
C – place it is a position where there is no electrical wiring to cause deviation
errors
D – place it where it will not be subjected to electrical or magnetic
interference from the aircraft
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
8405
...
Which one of the following is an advantage of a remote reading compass as
compared with a standby compass?
A – It senses the magnetic meridian instead of seeking it, increasing compass
sensitivity
B – It is lighter than a direct reading compass because it employs, apart from
the detector unit, existing aircraft equipment
C – it eliminates the effect of turning and acceleration errors by pendulously
suspending the detector unit
D – It is more reliable because it is operated electrically and power is always
available from sources within the aircraft
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8460
...
The sensitivity of a direct reading magnetic compass is:
A – inversely proportional to the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic
field
B – proportional to the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field
C – inversely proportional to the vertical component of the earth’s magnetic
field
D – inversely proportional to the vertical and horizontal components of the
earth’s magnetic field
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B

9805
...
The main reason for mounting the detector unit of a remote reading compass
in the wingtip of an aeroplane is:
A – to ensure that the unit is in the most accessible position on the aircraft for
ease of maintenance
B – by having detector units on both wingtips, to cancel out the deviation
effects caused by the aircraft structure
C – to minimise the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and
electrical circuits
D – to maximise the units exposure to the earth’s magnetic field
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
15452
...
If compass HDG is 340o and deviation +3, what is magnetic heading?
A – Deviation is plus therefore East, so compass is least, so magnetic is 343o
B – Deviation is plus therefore West, so compass is least, so magnetic is 343o
C – Deviation is plus therefore East, so compass is best, so magnetic is 337o
D – Deviation is plus therefore East, so compass is best, so magnetic is 343o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

16308
...
In still air, you wish to fly a true of 315o
...
Deviation is 2oE
...
Magnetic compass calibration is carried out to reduce:
A – deviation
B – variation
C – parallax error
D – acceleration errors
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
25132
...
Will a direct reading magnetic compass over-read or under-read
and is the compass indicating a turn to the north or to the south:
A – over-reads north
B – over- reads south
C – under-reads north
D – under-reads south
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

25199
...
The standard parallels of a Lamberts conical orthomorphic projection are
07o40N and 38o20N
...
60
B – 0
...
92
D – 0
...
On a transverse Mercator chart, the scale is exactly correct along the:
A – prime meridian and the equator
B – equator and parallel of origin
C – meridian of tangency and the parallel of latitude perpendicular to it
D – meridians of tangency
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
8439
...
An Oblique Mercator projection is used specifically to produce:
A – plotting charts in equatorial regions
B – radio navigational charts in equatorial regions
C – topographical maps of large east/west extent
D – charts of the great circle route between two points
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
8461
...
Scale on a Lamberts conformal chart is:
A – constant along a parallel of latitude
B – constant along a meridian of longitude
C – constant over the whole chart
D – varies with latitude and longitude
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8469
...
The two standard parallels of a conical Lambert projection are at N10o40 and
N41o20
...
18
B – 0
...
66
D – 0
...
The constant of the cone, on a Lambert chart where the convergence angle
between longitudes 010oE and 030oW is 30o, is:
A – 0
...
75
C – 0
...
64
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
8502
...
A Mercator chart has a scale at the equator = 1:3 704 000
...
A Lambert conformal conic projection, with two standard parallels:
A – shows lines of longitude as parallel straight lines
B – shows all great circles as straight lines
C – the scale is only correct at parallel of origin
D – the scale is only correct along the standard parallels
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D

14651
...
78535
...
The nominal scale of a Lambert conformal conic chart is the:
A – scale at the equator
B – scale at the standard parallels
C – mean scale between pole and equator
D – mean scale between the parallels of the secant cone
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
14669
...
3955
...
On a direct Mercator projection, the distance measured between two meridians
spaced 5o apart at latitude 60oN is 8 cm
...
At 60o N the scale of a direct Mercator chart is 1:
A – 1 : 3 000 000
B – 1 : 3 500 000
C – 1 : 1 500 000
D – 1 : 6 000 000
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
15440
...
A direct Mercator graticule is based on a projection that is:
A – spherical
B – concentric
C – cylindrical
D – conical
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
15459
...
866
B – 0
...
0
D – 1
...
The Earth has been charted using:
A – WGP84
B – WGS84
C – GD84
D – GPS84
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
24007
...
The angular difference between the initial
true track and the final true track of the line is equal to:
A – earth convergency
B – chart convergency
C – conversion angle
D – difference in longitude
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
24022
...
How does the scale vary in a Direct Mercator chart?
A – The scale increases with increasing distance from the Equator
B – The scale decreases with increasing distance from the Equator
C – The scale is constant
D – The scale increases south of the Equator and decreases north of the
Equator
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

24037
...
63
cm
...
What is the constant of the cone for a Lambert conic projection whose
standard parallels are at 50oN and 70oN?
A – 0
...
941
C – 0
...
766
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
25216
...
On a Lambert conformal conic chart the convergence of the meridians:
A – is the same as earth convergency at the parallel of origin
B – is zero throughout the chart
C – varies as the secant of the latitude
D – equals earth convergency at the standard parallels
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A

8455
...
On a Direct Mercator chart, meridians are:
A – inclined, equally spaced, straight lines that meet at the nearer pole
B – parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines
C – parallel, unequally spaced, vertical straight lines
D – inclined, unequally spaced, curved lines that meet at the nearer pole
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
8476
...
On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude 15oS, a certain length represents a
distance of 120 NM on the earth
...
3 NM
B – 117
...
2 NM
D – 118
...
On a Direct Mercator chart at latitude of 45oN, a certain length represents a
distance of 90 NM on the earth
...
5 NM
C – 78 NM
D – 110 NM
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
8511
...
On a Lambert Conformal Conic chart great circles that are not meridians are:
A – curves concave to the parallel of origin
B – straight lines
C – curves concave to the pole of projection
D – straight lines within the standard parallels
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
8521
...
On a Direct Mercator chart, great circles are shown as:
A – curves convex to the nearer pole
B – straight lines
C – rhumb lines
D – curves concave to the nearer pole
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
9810
...
Which one of the following, concerning great circles on a Direct Mercator
chart, is correct?
A – They are all curves convex to the equator
B – They are all curves concave to the equator
C – They approximate to straight lines between the standard parallels
D – With the exception of meridians and the equator, they are curves concave
to the equator
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
10970
...
Which one of the following describes the appearance of rhumb lines, except
meridians, on a Polar Stereographic chart?
A – Straight lines
B – Ellipses around the Pole
C – Curves convex to the Pole
D – Curves concave to the Pole
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
10999
...
On a Lambert chart (standard parallels 37oN and 65oN), with respct to the
straight line drawn on the map the between A (N49o W030o) and B (N48o
W040o), the:
A – great circle is to the north, the rhumb line is to the south
B – great circle and rhumb line are to the north
C – great circle and rhumb line are to the south
D – rhumb line is to the north, the great circle is to the south
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: C
11013
...
On a Direct Mercator, rhumb lines are:
A – straight lines
B – curves concave to the equator
C – ellipses
D – curves convex to the equator
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: A
11020
...
On a Lambert conformal conic chart, with two standard parallels, the quoted
scale is correct:
A – along the prime meridian
B – along the two standard parallels
C – in the area between the standard parallels
D – along the parallel of origin
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
15419
...
The scale on a Lambert conformal conic chart:
A – is constant along a meridian of longitude
B – is constant across the whole map
C – varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude
D – is constant along a parallel of latitude
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
15458
...
What is the Rhumb line (RL) direction from 45oN 14o12W to 45oN 12o48E?
A – 270o (T)
B – 090o (T)
C – 090o (M)
D – 270o (M)
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B
24006
...
Where on a Direct Mercator projection is the chart convergency correct
compared to the earth convergency?
A – All over the chart
B – At the two parallels of tangency
C – At the poles
D – At the equator
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: D
25153
...
0 E00213
...
0 W 00713
...
An aircraft starts at position 0411
...
2W and heads True North for
2950nm, then turns 90o left maintaining a rhumb line track for 314 km
...
0N 17412
...
0N 17412
...
0N 17713
...
0N 17713
...
The appearance of a rhumb line on a Mercator chart is:
A – A small circle concave to the nearer pole
B – A straight line
C – A spiral curve
D – A curved line
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl
Ans: B

25204

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