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Title: PETROLOGY
Description: They cover the formation of igneous rocks and the various structures associated with their formation like sills, magma and the Bowen reaction series
Description: They cover the formation of igneous rocks and the various structures associated with their formation like sills, magma and the Bowen reaction series
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GEOLOGY NOTES
PETROLOGY
INTRODUCTION
Petrology is the branch of geology that studies rocks, and the conditions in which rocks form
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Petrology utilizes the classical fields of mineralogy, petrography, optical mineralogy, and
chemical analyses to describe the composition and texture of rocks
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There are three branches of petrology, corresponding to the three types of rocks: igneous,
metamorphic, and sedimentary, and dealing with experimental techniques:
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Igneous petrology focuses on the composition and texture of igneous rocks (rocks such as
granite or basalt which have crystallized from molten rock or magma)
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Sedimentary petrology focuses on the composition and texture of sedimentary rocks
(rocks such as sandstone, shale, or limestone which consist of pieces or particles derived
from other rocks or biological or chemical deposits, and are usually bound together in a
matrix of finer material)
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Experiments are particularly useful for investigating
rocks of the lower crust and upper mantle that rarely survive the journey to the surface in
pristine condition
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
Igneous rocks begin as hot, fluid material, and the word "igneous" comes from the Latin for fire
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Rock formed of lava is called extrusive, rock
from shallow magma is called intrusive and rock from deep magma is called plutonic
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People commonly think of lava and magma as a liquid, like molten metal, but geologists find that
magma is usually a mush — a liquid carrying a load of mineral crystals
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Not just that, but when they
crystallize, they leave the remaining liquid with a changed chemical composition
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This makes igneous petrology a very complex field
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Shallow generally refers to depths less than about 1 km
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Hypabyssal igneous rocks are formed at a depth in between the plutonic and volcanic rocks
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Hypabyssal rocks are less common than plutonic or volcanic rocks and often
form dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths , or phacoliths
Title: PETROLOGY
Description: They cover the formation of igneous rocks and the various structures associated with their formation like sills, magma and the Bowen reaction series
Description: They cover the formation of igneous rocks and the various structures associated with their formation like sills, magma and the Bowen reaction series