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Which of the following terms refers to the absence of the natural lens?
Aphakia
Explanation:

When a cataract is extracted, and an intraocular lens implant is not used, the patient demonstrates
aphakia
...
Keratoconus refers to a coneshaped deformity of the cornea
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Which of the following would be an inaccurate clinical manifestation of a retinal detachment?
Pain
Explanation:

Patients do not complain of pain with retinal detachment
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A client comes to the eye clinic for a routine check-up
...
What screening test does the nurse know will be performed on this client to assess for colorblindness?
Ishihara
Explanation:

Color vision is assessed with Ishihara polychromatic plates
...
The numbers are in colors that colorblind persons commonly cannot see
...
The Jaeger
and the Rosenbaum test near vision while the Snellen tests far vision
...
The other types of
conjunctivitis are not usually preceded by symptoms of a respiratory infection
...
The nurse
informs the patient that the isolated organism is which of the following?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Explanation:

Common organisms isolated are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and
Staphylococcus aureus
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Retinoblastoma is the most common eye tumor of childhood
...
It is hereditary in 30% to 40% of cases
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A 15-year-old baseball player was fielding a ground ball when it bounced and struck him in the left eye,
leaving a large ecchymosis and edema
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What glands, contained in the eyelids,
produce tears?
Lacrimal
Explanation:

The eyelids have multiple glands, including sebaceous, sweat, and accessory lacrimal glands
...
Lacrimal glands in the eyelids produce tears
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Chemosis is edema of the conjunctiva
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Photophobia is ocular pain on exposure to light
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At the yearly follow-up
appointment, the patient tells the nurse that she has stopped using the medication because her vision
did not improve
...

Explanation:

The nurse needs to explain the therapeutic effect and expected outcome of the medication
...
The patient will not see
improvements in his or her vision with the use of the medication, but should see little to no
deterioration of vision
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Administering the
medication immediately or referring the patient to the ED is not appropriate because this is not an
emergent situation
...
Legal blindness
refers to a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) that does not exceed what reading in the better eye?
20/200
Explanation:

Legal blindness is a condition of impaired vision in which a person has best corrected visual acuity that
does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye or whose widest visual field diameter is 20 degrees or less
(Prevent Blindness America, 2012)
...

PRK is used to treat myopia and hyperopia with or without astigmatism
...
Keratoplasty involves replacing abnormal host tissue with healthy donor
(cadaver) corneal tissue
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What is the nurse testing the
children for?
Visual acuity
Explanation:

Th Snellen eye chart is a simple screening tool for determining visual acuity, the ability to see far images
clearly
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Which piece of
equipment would the nurse provide to the physician to examine the fundus and interior of the eye?
Ophthalmoscope
Explanation:

The nurse is correct to provide an ophthalmoscope to the surgeon for examination of the fundus or
interior of the eye
...
A tonometer measures
intraocular pressure
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Which of the following types of glaucoma presents an ocular emergency?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Explanation:

Acute angle-closure glaucoma results in rapid, progressive visual impairment
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Ocular hypertension is treated with topical medication
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A patient presents to the ED complaining of a chemical burn to both eyes
...

Explanation:

The eyes should immediately be irrigated to remove the chemical and preserve the eye
...
It is
appropriate to obtain the MSDS and assess the pH of the corneal surface after irrigation has begun
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Visual acuity can be assessed once the emergent
phase is over
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During a teaching session, the nurse should:
demonstrate eyedrop instillation
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After demonstrating
eyedrop instillation to the client and family, the nurse should verify their ability to perform this measure
properly
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Visual acuity assessment
isn't necessary before discharge
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When assessing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye, a nurse normally expects to find a
pressure of:
10 to 20 mm Hg
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Which of the following should the nurse recommend to a client with blepharitis?
Frequent washing of the face and hair
Explanation:

Frequent washing of the face and hair is recommended in a client with blepharitis because seborrhea or
excessive oiliness of the skin of the face and scalp is associated with blepharitis
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This would be included for treatment of a sty
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A patient is to have an angiography done using fluorescein as a contrast agent to determine if the
patient has macular edema
...
Fluorescein angiography
is used to evaluate clinically significant macular edema, document macular capillary nonperfusion, and
identify retinal and choroidal neovascularization (growth of abnormal new blood vessels) in age-related
macular degeneration
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Prior to the angiography, the patient’s blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine should
be checked to ensure that the kidneys will excrete the contrast agent (Fischbach & Dunning, 2011)
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The nurse knows that these clinical signs are diagnostic of the
type of glaucoma known as:
Acute angle-closure
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When the patient tells the nurse that his vision is 20/200, and asks what that means, the nurse informs
the patient that a person with 20/200 vision
sees an object from 20 feet away that a person with normal vision sees from 200 feet away
...
Most people, positioned 20 feet from
the eye chart, can see the letters designated as 20/20 from a distance of 20 feet
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Normal tension glaucoma
is treated with topical medication
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Chronic openangle glaucoma is treated initially with topical medications, with oral medications added at a later time
...
”
Explanation:

Refractive errors can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses
...
The word surgery can increase fears
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A patient presents to an eye clinic with a number of symptoms related to his diminished vision
...
Which
of the following symptoms would apply to this diagnosis? Select all that apply
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The nurse is caring for a 63-year-old client who can neither read nor speak English
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The nurse tests the distant visual acuity of several clients and records the findings
...
The top number is always 20, indicating
the distance from the client to the chart
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The nurse knows this symptom
could represent:
macular degeneration

Which of the following would a nurse expect to assess in a client with esotropia?
Eye that turns inward

Esotropia is a term used to describe eyes that turn inward
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Strabismus refers to a constant malalignment of the eyes
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What
conclusion can the nurse make in regards to the client's vision based on these results?
The larger the bottom number, the worse the visual acuity

OD= right eye, OS= left eye
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A client is considered legally blind when the vision in
the better eye with corrective lens is 20/200 or less
...
These findings are consistent with a problem in what
part of the eye?
Lacrimal apparatus

The lacrimal apparatus (which consists of the lacrimal gland, punctum, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal
duct) protects and lubricates the cornea and conjunctiva by producing and draining tears
...


The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent, continuous membrane that is divided into two portions: a
palpebral and a bulbar portion
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An elderly client presents to the health care clinic with reports of decreased tearing in both eyes
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What is an appropriate action by the nurse?
Document the finding as a normal sign of aging

Explanation:
Ectropion is when the lower eyelids evert, causing exposure and drying of the conjunctiva
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A nurse is preparing to assess the distant visual acuity of a client who wears reading glasses
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Explanation:
When testing distant visual acuity, the nurse should have the client remove the reading glasses, because
they blur distant vision
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The nurse would still test the client's distant visual acuity
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(

A nurse shines a light into one of the client's eyes during an ocular exam and the pupil of the other eye
constricts
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Shining a light in one eye with the resulting constriction of that eye demonstrates the direct
reflex
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Accommodation
occurs when the client moves the focus of vision from a distant point to a near object, causing the pupils
to constrict
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Which of the following age-related changes is the nurse likely to have observed?
Presbyopia

Explanation:
Prebyopia denotes an age-related deficit in close vision
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A client has an abnormal consensual pupillary reaction to light
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An abnormal response to this test is if wither or both pupils do not
constrict in response to light
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Convergence of
the eyes is called accommodation & occurs when a person moves his focus of vision from a far object to
a close object
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The nurse examines the thin, transparent, continuous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids
and covers most of the anterior eye
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The palpebral conjunctiva lines the inside of the eyelids, and the bulbar
conjunctiva covers most of the anterior eye, merging with the cornea at the limbus
...
It receives visual stimuli and sends them to the
brain
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The transparent cornea (the "window of the eye") permits the entrance of light, which passes
through the lens to the retina
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The nurse knows that this means the
vision in his better eye, corrected by glasses, is what?
20/200 or less
Explanation:
In the United States, a person is usually considered legally blind when vision in the better eye, corrected
by glasses, is 20/200 or less
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The client's right eye is swollen shut and
very painful
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Blunt-force trauma often results in fracture of the orbit
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Strabismus is the medical term for cross-eyed
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Which of the following is the
most appropriate outcome for this patient's care planning?
The patient will remain free from harm resulting from a loss of vision
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A nurse is collecting subjective data during a client's eye and vision assessment
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A 6-year-old boy has come to the clinic with his mother because of recent eye redness and discharge
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What should the nurse tell the
mother about her son's eye?
"This might have been the result of an allergy, but most likely it was caused by a bacteria or virus
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Severe pain and vision damage are not common con

You are assessing visual fields on a patient newly admitted for eye surgery
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You would document that
the patient has what?
A left temporal hemianopsia

Explanation:
When the patient's left eye repeatedly does not see your fingers until they have crossed the line of gaze,
a left temporal hemianopsia is present
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The nurse should explain to
the client that night blindness is often associated with
vitamin A deficiency
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A diabetes educator is teaching a group of adults about the risks to vision that result from poorly
controlled blood glucose levels
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Explanation:
In diabetic retinopathy, the vessels that feed the retina change and weaken
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Diabetes does not directly cause
an increase in pressure in the eye, osmotic changes in the aqueous humor or corneal infection
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What food would the nurse
include as a response?
Deep-water fish

Explanation:
Foods that promote eye health include deep-water fish, fruits, and vegetables

The middle layer of the eye is known as the
choroid layer
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A client performs the test for distant visual acuity and scores 20/50-2
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Explanation:

The Snellen chart tests distant visual acuity by seeing how far the client can read the letters standing 20
feet from the chart
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A reading of 20/50 means the client sees at 20 feet what a
person with normal vision can see at 50 feet
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A nurse has performed the corneal light reflex test during a client's eye examination
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Constriction, color of the sclerae, and
blinking are not appraised
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A client presents to the health care clinic and reports pain in the eyes when working on the computer
for long periods of time
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He works for a computer software company
and has noticed he is experiencing difficulty reading the manuals that accompany the software he
installs for companies
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The client is aware of
the dangers of driving due to changes in his vision
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When testing the pupils for consensual response, how can the nurse increase the accuracy of the test?
Place a barrier between the eyes

Explanation:
To increase the accuracy of the consensual pupil response, the nurse should place a hand or other
barrier between the client's eyes to avoid an inaccurate finding
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Closing of one eye will not improve the accuracy of the test

client presents to a primary care office with a complaint of double vision (diplopia)
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Which of the following underlying conditions should
the nurse most suspect in this client?
Brain tumor

Explanation:
Double vision (diplopia) may indicate increased intracranial pressure due to injury or a tumor
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Allergies are usually indicated by burning or itching pain in the
eye
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Testing the pupillary reaction to light
evaluates pupillary response and function of the oculomotor nerve
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A client recently diagnosed with Grave's diseases exhibits protruded eyeballs
...
"

Explanation:
Exopthalmos, or protruding eyeballs, is commonly caused by Grave's disease
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The client should have
regular eye exams and can wear an eyepatch and use moisturizing eye drops for dryness
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Wearing UV blocking glasses does not affect the
progression of this condition, but does help with cataracts
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These drops are not commonly prescribed for exopthalmos
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The nurse is preparing to assess a client's visual fields to evaluate her gross peripheral vision
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The cover test, corneal light reflex test, and eye
position test would be used to evaluate extraocular muscle function
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The nurse should
document the findings in the client's records
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This is necessary to verify that
the data are reliable and accurate
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A woman who is 5 months pregnant is being assessed at a routine visit
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This is known as what?
Chloasma

Explanation:
Chloasma, or increased pigmentation around the eyes, may result from increased progesterone levels in
pregnant women
...
Hyphema is blood in the
anterior chamber
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Which action by the nurse indicates the appropriate use of an ophthalmoscope?
Employ the right eye to examine the client's right eye

Explanation:
The nurse should employ the right eye to examine the client's right eye; this action of the nurse
indicates the correct use of the ophthalmoscope
...
The nurse should ask the client to gaze at an object straight ahead and
slightly upward, not downward
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The nurse observes a young client holding a newspaper up close to read
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Asthenopia is eye strain,
and symptoms include fatigue, red eyes, eye pain, blurred vision, and headaches
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Presbyopia commonly occurs naturally due to the aging process; therefore it's rare to
observe this condition in young adults

A nurse inspects the eyes of a young child and notices the inward turning of the eyes
...
To test
the corneal light reflex, the nurse shines a penlight about 12 inches from the face, directing it towards
the bridge of the nose
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If not, this is considered abnormal and requires further assessment
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The confrontation test examines peripheral vision
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A nurse is completing a comprehensive health history of a 69-year-old woman who is a new client of the
clinic
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Exercise, use of
pain medications, and visual acuity are not closely correlated with the development of cataracts
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Which of the findings would the nurse document
as abnormal?
Drooping of the upper lid

Explanation:
Drooping of the upper lid is ptosis and may be attributed to oculomotor nerve damage, myasthenia
gravis, weakened muscle or tissue, or a congenital disorder
...
Raised yellow
plaques near the inner canthus are a normal variation associated with increasing age and high lipid
levels
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Amblyopia is also known as "lazy
eye"
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Presbyopia is the decreased ability for one to focus on

near objects and is more common in the adult as they age
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Explanation:
Deficits in cranial nerves III, IV, and VI can manifest as impaired extraocular movements or diplopia
...


The optic nerves from each eyeball cross at the
optic chiasma
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A nurse has performed the corneal light reflex test during a client's eye examination
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Constriction, color of the sclerae, and
blinking are not appraised
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Which of
the following would the nurse suspect?
Chalazion

Explanation:
A chalazion is an infection of the meibomian gland that produces extreme swelling of the lid, and
moderate redness, but minimal pain
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Hordeolum is an infection of the hair follicle causing local redness, swelling, and pain
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What is the primary purpose of the health history in relation to the eyes?
To identify changes

Explanation:
The purpose of the health history is to identify changes in the eyes
...
The client tells the nurse that he has a
consistent blind spot in his right eye
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Explanation:
Consistent blind spots may indicate retinal detachment
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A nurse notices a middle-aged client in the waiting room pick up a magazine to read while she waits to
be seen
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Which
condition does the nurse most suspect in this client?
Presbyopia

Explanation:
Presbyopia, which is impaired near vision, is indicated when the client moves a reading chart or other
reading material away from the eyes to focus on the print
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With the cover test, the eyes of the client
should remain fixed straight ahead
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If the eye turns outward it is called exotropia
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Strabismus is constant malalignment of the eyes

A client presents to the health care clinic with red, watery eyes and constant tearing
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The meibomian glands, which are located in the tarsal plates of the upper eyelid, secrete an oily
substance that lubricates the eyelid
...
Sebaceous glands are glands located in the dermis of the skin that open to hair follicles and
that secrete an oily substance known as sebum
...
When
examining this client, the nurse should expect what finding?
Eye turning inward

Explanation:
Esotropia is a term used to describe eyes that turn inward
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Strabismus refers to a constant malalignment of the eyes
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The chambers of the eye contain aqueous humor, which helps to maintain intraocular pressure and
cleanse the cornea and the lens
...


The nurse is caring for a healthy adult client with no history of vision problems
...


Explanation:

A thorough eye examination is recommended for healthy clients without risk factors every 2 years, for
ages 18 through 60; annually for those age 61 and older
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The nurse should refer the client for evaluation of possible
glaucoma
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It
may be from glaucoma
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What should the nurse do next in relation to this finding?
Ask the client about previous trauma to the eyes

Explanation:
Unequal pupil size is termed anisocoria
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The nurse should ask the client about previous trauma to the
eye to determine whether this is a new finding or new onset
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nurse examines a client's retina during the ophthalmic examination and notices light-colored spots on
the retinal background
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Anemia, renal insufficiency, and retinal detachment do not cause this appearance on
the retina
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Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action at
this time?
Document the finding and proceed with the examination

Explanation:
Yellowish nodules on the bulbar conjunctiva are called pinguecula
...
Therefore, the
nurse should document this finding and proceed with the examination
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Having trouble focusing when reading up close is a sign of presbyopia, or
impaired near vision, which is not associated with the finding of pinguecula
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The nurse is using the ophthalmoscope to examine the patient's eyes
...

The nurse is teaching about the importance of regular eye examinations and should include information
about which conditions that place clients at highest risk for blindness? (Select all that apply
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Hypertensive
retinopathy is another high risk factor for blindness over hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, and
osteoarthritis
...
It
started this morning
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There is no visual disturbance
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Based on this description, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Stye

Explanation:
A hordeolum or stye is a painful, tender, erythematous infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid
...
As part of the
presentation, the nurse explains how visual perception occurs
...


Explanation:
Visual perception occurs as light rays strike the retina, where they are transformed into nerve impulses,
conducted to the brain through the optic nerve, and interpreted
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Accommodation is the process that allows the eyes to focus on near objects
...
The nurse interprets this
finding as suggesting which of the following?
Narcotic use

Explanation:
Pinpoint pupils suggest narcotic use or brain damage
...

Dilated and fixed pupils typically result from central nervous system injury, circulatory collapse, or deep
anesthesia

A nurse assesses the pupillary reaction to light for a client who has lost vision in one eye
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The light should not be focused directly into the eye to
be tested; it should be focused obliquely into one eye, and the response should be checked in the other
eye
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A client has sought care because she states that she has begun to see halos around headlights and
streetlights when she is out at night
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This symptom is not associated
with episcleritis, strabismus, or macular degeneration
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How should the
nurse document this findin

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