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Date:

Student Exploration: Coastal Winds and Clouds
Vocabulary: condensation, convection, convection current, land breeze, sea breeze
Condensation: change from a gas to a liquid
Convection: Transfer of heat through movement of a fluid
...

Land breeze: A wind that blows from the land to the sea
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Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo
...
You can see the flames in the photo at left
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What happens when the air inside the balloon is heated? The balloonbegins
to float
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What might happen if the burner was turned off? The balloon would
probably cease to float
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The Coastal Winds and
Clouds Gizmo™ allows you to explore how daily temperature
variations are related to sea breezes and other weather
phenomena
...

1
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This represents thestart of

the sea breeze
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2
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This
represents the start of the land breeze
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3
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What do you notice? The clouds movetowards
the land during the sea breeze, and then back out to sea, and then back towards the land once again
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• Turn on the Weather probe
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Think about it: Imagine a pocket of air over the land (“land air”), and another pocket of airover
the ocean (“ocean air”)
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Which air pocket would you expect to heat up more during the day? Land air
Why? The wind tends to move more towards the land than the sea during the day
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Which air pocket would you expect to cool down more at night? Land air
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2
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M
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0 ft) on the left side of the Gizmo, and record the air temperature
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Finally, move the probe to the land-sea boundary and record the type of breeze (sea or landbreeze) and
wind speed
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Time

Ocean air
temperature (°F)

Land air
temperature (°F)

Sea breeze or
land breeze?

Wind speed
(mph)

6:00 A
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20
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6

Land breeze

24
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M
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7

20
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0

12:00 P
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21
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1

Sea breeze

19
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M
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2

29
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2

6:00 P
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21
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5

Sea breeze

26
...
M
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3

23
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3

12:00 A
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20
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9

Land breeze

1
...
M
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4
18
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3
***The units on the gizmo are in metric, so I just recorded them in the table as what’soriginally
shown in the gizmo (Celsius/Kilometers)
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***
3
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A
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2 degrees
B
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7 degrees

(Activity A continued on next page)

Activity A (continued from previous page)
4
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A
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M
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At 6:00 A
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, in which direction did the breeze blow? From the land
C
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M
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At 3:00 P
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, in which direction did the breeze blow? From the ocean
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Summarize: What is always true when there is a land breeze? The ocean will be warmerthan the
land
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What is always true when there is a sea breeze? The land will be warmer than the ocean
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Draw conclusions: In general, the land changes temperature much more rapidly than theocean
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8
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Click Pause when the strength of the sea breeze is at a maximum
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At what time of day is the sea breeze strongest? 3:10 PM
B
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What are these
temperatures at this time? 29
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2 degrees, respectively
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Click Play, and then click Pause when the strength of the land breeze is at a
maximum
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What are the land- and ocean-air temperatures now? 17
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3degrees,
respectively
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The wind changes direction at approximately 9:10 A
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and 12:10 A
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What is trueabout
each of these times?

Activity B:
Convection
currents

Get the Gizmo ready:
• Click Reset
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Question: Why do land breezes and sea breezes occur?
1
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Pause the simulationwhenever
the balloon changes direction
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6:00 AM – the balloon floats downwards
10:00 AM – the balloon begins floating up again
2:00 PM – the balloon begins floating counterclockwise towards the ocean6:00 PM
– the balloon begins floating downwards again
1:00 AM – the balloon begins floating upwards again
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8:40 AM
– the balloon comes to a halt in the middle of the sky
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Analyze: During what time period does the balloon drift in a clockwise direction? 5:00 AM(day
1), 1:00 AM (day 2)
During what time period does the balloon drift in a counterclockwise direction? 2:00 PM (day1), 10:00
AM and 4:30 PM (day 2)
3
...
M
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Next, find the wind direction between the
points on the diagram
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Which points represent the lowest and
highest temperatures on the diagram?
Lowest: -3
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1 (3)

4
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The resulting circular flow of air is called a convection current
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Gather data: Click Play, and then click Pause
at 3:00 P
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Use the Weather probe to find
and label the temperature ateach of the
numbered locations
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Draw arrows to represent the
movement of air
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8 (1)

Highest: 26
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Analyze: In which direction is the hottest air in the diagram moving? Up
In which direction is the coldest air in the diagram moving? Down
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Explain: What causes the counterclockwise flow of air in the afternoon? The inequalities in
temperature
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Observe: Place the Weather probe at the land-sea boundary, and click Pause when thesea breeze
is strongest
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What do you notice in the sky at this time? Clouds
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Click Play, and then pause the simulation when the land breeze is strongest
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9
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Based on this statement, why do clouds tend to form around 3:00 P
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and 6:00 A
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?
Definitely something to do with the air over the sea being warm around that time, andthe fact that
warmer air rises…



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