Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

PYC3703
2021 MOCK ASSIGNMENT
16
...
This advantage
for short study sessions is called the - - - - -
...
generation effect
2
...
spacing effect
4
...
The - - - - - refers to the observation that the presence of a weapon impairs eyewitness recall for the details of the
crime scene, including those associated with the perpetrator’s face
...
familiarity effect
2
...
weapon focus effect
4
...
Once a theory is developed, it - - - - -
...
is continuous
...
it is not simply accepted as true
3
...
can be regarded as true
2
...
You notice many features of it: its colour,
movement, shape, location, and so forth
...

1
...
by the grandmother cells in the brain
3
...
through fMRI potentials
3
...

1
...
recognition
3
...
personal semantic memory
4
...

1
...
interesting
3
...
inaccurate
5
...

1
...
a list of long words than a list of short words
...
a list of words that are all the same length than a list of words that are of different lengths
...
a list of words that are of different lengths than a list of words that are all the same length
...
Gauthier et
...
's (1999) experiment showed that after extensive ‘Greeble recognition’ training sessions, FFA
neurons had a(n) - - - - - response to faces and an - - - - - response to Greebles
...
unvaried; unvaried
2
...
unvaried; increased
4
...
Sperling's (1960) delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that - - - - 1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

8
...

1
...
resistance
3
...
invariance
9
...
Structural models and process models
2
...
Interpersonal models and intrapersonal models
4
...
If a person has a digit span of two, this indicates that he has - - - - - memory
...
an absence of sensory
2
...
exceptional short-term
4
...
Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following?
1
...
A computer program for solving logic problems
3
...
The first textbook of cognitive psychology
12
...
20%: 50 %: 70% correct
2
...
30 %: 30%: 30% correct
4
...
You conduct an experiment in which participants see a number of target letters flashed briefly on a screen and are
told to immediately write down the letters in the order they were presented
...

1
...
I
3
...
C

14
...

1
...
analytic introspection
3
...
behavioural analysis
15
...
the test stimulus being the same or resembling the priming stimulus
...
the test stimulus being different from the priming stimulus
...
the test stimulus being similar in meaning to the priming stimulus
...
the test stimulus being different in meaning from the priming stimulus
...
The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is - - - - -
...
just under a fraction of a second
2
...
1-3 minutes or more
4
...
The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true - - - - -
...
only when we are aware we've seen them before
2
...
only when we agree with them
4
...
Models designed to explain mental functioning are constantly refined and modified to explain new results
...
Replacing the STM component of the modal model with working memory
...
Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with the episodic buffer
...
Replacing the STM component of the modal model with iconic memory
...
Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with working memory
...
Many studies have demonstrated that patients with pathological pain get real pain relief from placebos
...

1
...
attention
3
...
all of these
20
...
The oblique effect
2
...
Angled orientation
4
...
Which task below would most likely be used to test for implicit memory?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

22
...
Both Tom and Tim have good episodic memory but poor semantic memory
...
Tom and Tim both show deficits in episodic and semantic memory
...
Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor
semantic memory
...
Both Tom and Tim have good semantic memory but poor episodic memory
...
- - - - - notion that the mind could be represented as operating in a sequence of stages, often represented by
boxes, allows cognitive psychologists to develop models that can be tested by further experiments
...
Broadbent’s
2
...
Cherry’s
4
...
Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

25
...
represent different aspects of the same mechanism
...
are caused by different mechanisms that depend upon each other
...
both rely most heavily on a semantic coding mechanism
...
are caused by different mechanisms that act independently
...
According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information
...
Which of the following is not one of those skills as noted in the textbook by the
chapter?
1
...
Experiencing neuromodulation
3
...
Answering questions
27
...
Tactile signals such as these are received by the - - - - - lobe
...
parietal
2
...
frontal
4
...
According to many modern cognitive psychologists, working memory capacity crucially depends on - - - - -
...
the absolute amount of short-term storage space
...
the relative amount of short-term memory space
...
efficient attention control
...
quick transport to long-term memory
...
Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as - - - - -
...
myelin sheaths
2
...
neural circuits
4
...
Explicit memory is to - - - - - as implicit memory is to - - - - -
...

2
...

4
...
The observation that older adults often become nostalgic for the ‘good old days’ reflects the self-image hypothesis,
which states that - - - - 1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

2
...
While sitting in traffic, Thabo says to his
girlfriend, ‘Polo's must be the best-selling car now
...
’
Thabo's judgment is most likely biased by a(n) - - - - -
...
representativeness heuristic
2
...
illusory correlation
4
...
The word frequency effect refers to the fact that we respond more - - - - -
...
slowly to low-frequency words than high-frequency words
2
...
quickly to letters that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a word
4
...
Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution - - - - - prior to the solution of an insight problem and - - - - -prior to
the solution of a non-insight problem
...
gradually rise; gradually rise
2
...
rise suddenly just; gradually rise
4
...
Consider the following conditional syllogism:
Premise 1: If I don't eat lunch today, I will be hungry tonight
...

Conclusion: Therefore, I wasn't hungry tonight
...

1
...
invalid
3
...
abstract
6
...
Is difficult
...
Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal
...
Has one correct answer
...
The solution is not obvious
...
Who were important advocates of the evolutionary perspective on cognition?
1
...
Cosmides and Tooby
3
...
Berger and Hawks
8
...

1
...
Tower of Hanoi
3
...
Russian marriage
9
...

1
...
Prospective memory
3
...
Automatic narrative
10
...
Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices
...
Experts often organise problems differently than novices, based on principles
...
Experts often spend more time analysing problems than novices
...
Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field
...
It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if - - - - 1
...

2
...

4
...

both are handled by the phonological loop
...
Research on monkeys has shown that the part of the brain most closely associated with working memory is the - - - -
...
hippocampus
2
...
occipital cortex
4
...
When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the
following represented the mapping step of this process?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

14
...

1
...
increase memory for items by grouping them together based on sound
3
...
increase the efficiency of short-term memory
15
...
Therefore, the two problems have very different - - - - -
...
surface features

2
...
structural features
4
...
The - - - - - refers to the finding that distinctiveness or (un)expectancy aids memory
...
critical lure
2
...
von Restorff effect
4
...
Cosmides and Tooby (1992) tested participants' ability to solve variations of the Wason problem, including ones
containing stories about a particular culture
...

1
...
a premise
3
...
using a heuristic
18
...
This slide presentation included narration by a female speaker
who described what was happening in the slides as they were shown
...

1
...
auditory, regardless of the gender of the speaker
3
...
auditory from a male speaker
19
...
It involves using pictures, words or other stimuli to help
someone recognise another word or phrase in the future
...
Word completion
2
...
Incidental encoding
4
...
‘You can't have any pudding unless you eat your vegetables,’ says a man to his son at the dinner table
...

1
...
self-serving bias
3
...
the illusory correlation
21
...

1
...
goal state
3
...
source story
22
...

1
...
Implicit; episodic
3
...
Procedural; episodic

23
...
She notices that she feels more positive about her home when she drives past the abandoned slum
area, but she hates her home when driving past the fancy mansions and their large lawns
...

1
...
confirmation bias
3
...
the law of large numbers
24
...
Police ask witnesses questions and have them rate their confidence level in their recollections
...
Police offer positive reinforcement to witnesses (e
...
, ‘Good, that makes sense
...

3
...

4
...

25
...
You are concerned about the detrimental effects of smoking on his health, and you raise that concern to him
...

1
...
the conjunction rule
3
...
none of these
26
...

1
...
goal
3
...
initial
27
...
Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting
before they notice a connection
...
Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify
...
Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalising from one problem to
another
...
Solving the problem through reorganisation because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganise a
problem
...
The tendency to think that a syllogism is valid if its conclusion is believable is called the - - - - -
...
availability heuristic
2
...
belief bias
4
...
Gabrielle is tall, extremely attractive, and lives in an expensive apartment
...

1
...
the availability heuristic
3
...
the law of small numbers

30
...

1
...
target
3
...
prototype

2020 - SEMESTER 1 - MOCK ASSIGNMENT
1
...

1
...
sensory modality
3
...
reaction time
2
...

1
...
plotted functions that described the operation of the mind
3
...
showed how positive reinforcers strengthen behaviour
3
...
It is probably accurate, which explains why the human nervous system contains over one hundred quadrillion
neurons
...
Research has found that specificity encoding does occur for lower animals, such as dogs and cats, but has not found
this phenomenon to exist in human beings
...
It is unlikely to be correct because there are too many stimuli in the world to have a separate neuron for each
...
Specificity coding is one of the areas that is only theoretical and not applied, and thus there is no way to know if it
truly exists in human beings
...
If we assume the field of cognitive psychology as defined in Goldstein and Van Hooff (2018) which of the following
examples should probably NOT be classified as a study of cognition?
1
...
The researcher studies the memory span of subjects after they had
ingested varying amounts of an alcoholic beverage
...
Considering the role of caretakers in facilitating language development
...
e
...

3
...

4
...
The study requires a group of executives to perform a problem
solving task, and the researcher studies their social interaction with one another while they are engaged in the task
...
In the drawing above, parts A, B, C and D are (in the order given) - - - - -
...
the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe, the parietal lobe, and the temporal lobe
2
...
the occipital lobe, the temporal lobe, the parietal lobe, and the frontal lobe

4
...
A synapse typically consists of - - - - -
...
some dendrites, the cell body, and an axon ending in the terminals
2
...
the end of an axon, a space, and the receiving membrane on another neuron’s dendrites
4
...
Casey was involved in a motor car accident, and sustained serious injury to both the temporal and occipital lobes of
her brain
...

1
...
execution of movement and sensing texture
3
...
somatosensory processing
8
...
g
...

1
...
feature detectors
3
...
receptors
9
...
What would be the main indicator of such a problem?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

10
...
He is going to conduct an experiment to
see which areas of the brain are activated when subjects are presented with a word completion tasks which probes
implicit rather than explicit learning
...
We can therefore expect that he
will - - - - -
...
use a computer to reconstruct images of the movement of positrons in different regions of the subjects’ brains while
they are performing the word completion task
...
record the neural impulses from one artery or vein in the subjects’ brains while they are doing the task
3
...
study neural activity in different areas of the subjects brains while they are doing the word completion task
...
When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented in a single neuron by the - - - - -
...
size of the action potentials
2
...
firing rate of the neurotransmitters
4
...
In a cognitive psychology experiment, the participants are shown different variations of a visual pattern on a
computer screen
...
However when asked afterwards they feel
confident that they have actually seen the pattern itself
...
Prototype theory
2
...
The distinctive-features models
4
...
‘Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible’ refers to which
Gestalt law?
1
...
Similarity
3
...
Common fate
14
...

1
...
perceptual organization
3
...
perceptual fusion
15
...
If the chemical structure of lemon-fragrance molecules is substantially different from the chemical structure of rosefragrance molecules
...
Whether the receptors in the nasal passages respond differently to lemon and rose fragrances
...
Whether the portion of the brain that receives information about smell stores different fragrances in difference
locations
...
Whether people recognise a lemon fragrance more readily when they see a photo of a lemon than when they see a
photo of a rose
...
Neuropsychology or cognitive psychology textbooks often describe the case of a patient called H
...
, whose
memory was affected by neurosurgery
...
Supporters of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model will cite this case because - - - - -
...
he apparently cannot transfer material from short-term memory to long-term memory
2
...
he apparently can shift material directly from sensory memory to long-term memory
4
...
If you were working in a nursing home with people who have Alzheimer’s disease, it would be especially useful for
you to know that people with the disease - - - - -
...
do much better on explicit memory tasks than on implicit memory tasks
2
...
can easily get lost because they have difficulty in remembering how to find their way back to familiar places
4
...
First read the scenario and then answer the questions
...
The
students are asked to listen to a list of 20 words, and these words are presented in the order indicated below
...
She first reads the list of words to each participant, and after reading
the list, the psychologist instructs them to recall as many of the words as possible in the order that they were presented
...
What aspects of memory is the psychologist investigating in the experiment?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

19
...
Student A
2
...
Student D
20
...
Student A
2
...
Student C
21
...
Student A
2
...
Student D
22
...
She noted that
there was a “saving” in that the information was learned faster the second time
...

1
...
subsequent refinement
3
...
permastore
23
...

1
...
interference
3
...
accessibility
24
...

1
...
contain a lot of autobiographical information
3
...
help to activate a whole area of memory just like a light bulb lights up a whole room
25
...
There is no necessary relation between memory confidence and memory accuracy
...
If a witness is very confident in a memory that is a clear indication that the memory is accurate and that the
eyewitness testimony can therefore be accepted as true
...
Cognitive psychologists tend to believe that a witnesses’ confidence in his or her memory is a good sign of memory
accuracy, but juries and judges generally do not
...
Even though people are sometimes unsure about the accuracy of their memories, eyewitness research has shown
that human memory is extremely accurate over very long periods of time
...
Suppose that you have an assignment to write a review of the literature on a topic in cognitive psychology
...

1
...
search systematically through a problem space (e
...
, all possible topics on perception, all possible topics on memory,
etc
...
break the problem into parts (e
...
, select a topic, locate resources, etc
...
try to think of occasions on which you faced a similar problem (e
...
, writing a paper in a child development course)
and use that information to help you solve the present problem
27
...

1
...
monitor their declarative knowledge of a domain
3
...
spend proportionally more time on applying various problem-solving strategies than on representing and analysing
the problem
28
...

1
...
(a) denial of the antecedent (b) logically invalid
3
...
(a) denial of the antecedent (b) logically valid
29
...
P → Q, not P therefore not Q
2
...
P → Q, not Q therefore not P
4
...
Consider the following variation of the classical Wason selection task of conditional reasoning
...
The four cards below show (potential) information about four London residents, each
card representing one person
...
The task is to identify which cards
must definitely be turned over to see if any of these people violated the rule
...

1
...
B and C
3
...
B and D

31
...
Samantha: “People consistently make correct decisions based on the information they are given; problems arise
when some crucial information is missing
...
Nayan: “People use heuristics in decision making; their decisions are usually correct, but not if they use the
heuristics inappropriately
...
Arthur: “People consistently make incorrect decisions, unless the material is extremely concrete
...
Shirley: “The most common kinds of decision-making errors involve illicit conversions and belief-bias errors;
otherwise, decision making is reasonably accurate
...
Which of the following statements best illustrates the confirmation bias?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

33
...
She just heard about someone who had a bad reaction to a medication
that is used for depression
...

1
...
relationship between illusory correlations and the representativeness heuristic
3
...
tendency for recency to influence availability
34
...

1
...
translate English sentences into Chinese
3
...
effectively operate according to a set of rules
35
...

1
...
a Euro-American ‘article of export’
3
...
a complete understaning of a phenomeon

2020 - ASSIGNMENT 1 – SEMESTER 2:
1
...

1
...
on the lookout for alternative explanations of what has been observed
3
...
all of the above
2
...

1
...
empirical observation
3
...
the law of good continuation
...
Nicole steps up to the golf ball and hits it down the fairway
...
But

Nicole says, ‘Wait a minute, I haven’t teed off yet
...

1
...
procedural
3
...
working
4
...
Perception occurs in conjunction with action
...
Perception involves a process similar to problem solving
...
Perception is affected by someone’s past experiences
...
Perception remains stable over time
...
If Siphiwe Tshabalala, a professional soccer player, wanted to remember his 16-digit credit card number, which of
the following memory techniques would you recommend?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

6
...

1
...
The blood-brain barrier
3
...
The nervous system
7
...

1
...
extremely complex, a dynamical model
3
...
interrelated, a systems approach
8
...
Common words
...
Light illuminated on the left or the right of a computer screen
...
Grey rectangles in front of light rectangles
...
Three-letter nonsense words
...
Strong artificial intelligence is directed at - - - - -
...
a program that simulates natural language processing
2
...
a program that succeeds in passing the Turing test, and can thus be regarded as conscious
4
...
A property of control processes in the modal model of memory is that they - - - - -
...
do not require attention
2
...
are performed without conscious awareness
4
...
The neuron doctrine is - - - - -
...

2
...

4
...
- - - - - proposes that our perception is influenced by typical members of a category, and that the features of such
typical members are used in the feature matching process
...
A visual delay effect
2
...
Prototype theory
4
...
The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be - - - - 1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

14
...

1
...
Bottom-up processing
3
...
Neural synthesis
15
...
This
theory of unconscious inference was developed by - - - - -
...
Goldstein
2
...
Helmholtz
4
...
The ‘magic number(s),’ according to Miller (1956), is - - - - -
...
7 and 11
2
...
oblique effect
4
...
Your text describes an ‘Italian woman’ who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or
facts she knew before
...
Her memory behaviour reflects
- - - - -
...
intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory
2
...
intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory
4
...
- - - - - occurs when one sensory modality (e
...
hearing) simultaneously triggers another sensory modality (e
...

vision) so that the eventual perception is a composite or merging of two senses
...
Perception
2
...
Sensory overload
4
...
A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with - - - - - memory
...
short-term
2
...
sensory
4
...
In their study on retrieval-based learning, Roediger and Karpicke (2006) found that repeated testing during
practice produced - - - - - initial recall and a - - - - - drop in recall over a week’s time
...
Superior; slow
2
...
Inferior; slow
4
...
The experimental technique that involves removing part of the brain is known as - - - - -
...
brain lesioning
2
...
fMRI
4
...
- - - - - techniques can be used to improve memory recall
...
The phonological similarity effect
2
...
The cocktail party phenomenon
4
...
Suppose you (a student) are asked by a teacher to learn a poem you will recite in front of your class
...
P
...
When you and
J
...
are later asked to remember the song lyrics, you have a much more difficult time recalling them than J
...
does
...

1
...
your overloading the phonological loop
3
...
a recency effect
24
...

1
...
mental model
3
...
memory consolidation
25
...

1
...
36
3
...
82
26
...

1
...
the apparent likelihood principle
3
...
the Helmholtz principle

27
...
C
...
His memory behaviour suggests - - - - -
...
intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory
2
...
intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory
4
...
Which of the following brain imaging techniques, discovered in 1980, is now a standard technique for detecting
tumours and other brain abnormalities?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

29
...

1
...
simplicity
3
...
good figure
30
...
Chomsky
2
...
James
4
...
Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if - - - - -
...
fewer tacks are provided
2
...
the box is empty
4
...
Research in neuroeconomics has found that the function of the - - - - - may be to deal with the cognitive demands of
a given task, while the - - - - - is responsible for handling emotional goals such as resenting an unfair outcome
...
basal ganglia; corpus callosum
2
...
prefrontal cortex; insula
4
...
Funahashi et al
...
These
neurons showed the most intense firing during - - - - -
...
stimulus presentation
2
...
response
4
...
In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your prescribed text identifies the kind of scientists who are most
likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields
...

1
...
structure; experience
3
...
experience; flexibility
5
...
Later, she analyses the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving
techniques
...

1
...
situationally-produced mental set
3
...
in vivo problem-solving
6
...

1
...
familiar object
3
...
object with a specific function
7
...
No artists can be beekeepers, but some of the beekeepers must be chemists
...
All A are B
...
Therefore, all A are C
...
I forgot to charge my cell phone last night, therefore I missed an important call today
...
If I get an A on my cognitive psychology exam, I can go out with my friends Saturday night
...
Autobiographical memory contains both - - - - - and - - - - - components
...
Explicit; implicit
2
...
Semantic; episodic
4
...
According to the review by Baas et al
...
anger
2
...
content
4
...
Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of - - - - -
...
the test stimulus being the same or resembling the priming stimulus
2
...
the test stimulus being similar in meaning to the priming stimulus
4
...
Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

12
...
They found the - - - - - version to be more effective, because it had - - - - - features in common with the
radiation problem
...

2
...

4
...
- - - - - states that the larger the number of individuals that are randomly drawn from a population, the more
representative the resulting group will be of the entire population
...
Statistical significance
2
...
Study robustness
4
...
The studies by Deeprose et al
...

1
...
the use of propofol and fentanyl
3
...
surgical stimulation
15
...

1
...
sub-goals
3
...
mental sets
16
...

1
...
it always corresponds to events from our past that actually happened
3
...
it involves both explicit and implicit memories
17
...
M
...

1
...
synaptic consolidation
3
...
deep processing
18
...

1
...
long and all on a single day
3
...
long and across several days
19
...

1
...
high levels of neuroticism
3
...
latent inhibition
20
...
Following a story in a book
...
Remembering what he needs to buy when he gets to the grocery store
...
Recognising people he has recently met
...
Identifying a photograph of his childhood home
...
If you are given the information that in order to vote in an election, you must be at least 18 years of age, and that
Tim voted in the last election, you can logically conclude that Tim is at least 18 years old
...

1
...
deductive
3
...
descriptive
22
...

1
...
the two premises and the conclusion are true
3
...
there is no more than one exception to the conclusion
23
...

1
...
during the event
3
...
all of these
24
...
This is an example of an - - - - -
...
expected emotion
2
...
integral immediate emotion
4
...
Alice was in her mother-in-law’s kitchen preparing lunch for the family
...
She decided to wait until her mother-inlaw returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot
...
Alice's ability to solve
the ‘dish up the soup’ problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles?
1
...
Perseveration
3
...
Functional fixedness
26
...
Permission schemas
2
...
Social-exchange theory
4
...
A - - - - - string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem
...
stationary
2
...
knotted
4
...
Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

29
...

1
...
remembering the meaning of some words
3
...
remembering graduating from University
30
...
Your ability to form such a picture in
your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?
1
...
delayed response coding
3
...
the visuospatial sketch pad

2019 - ASSIGNMENT 1 – SEMESTER 1:
1
...
A major reason why they were disappointed with behaviourism is because it - - - - -
...
was a purely empirical approach to psychological research
2
...
did not pay sufficient attention to the observation and measurement of behaviour
4
...
Donder’s (1868) main reasoning for doing a choice reaction time experiment was to study - - - - -
...
sensation
2
...
decision making
4
...
The founder of the first laboratory of scientific psychology was - - - - 1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

4
...

1
...
mental processes
3
...
attention
5
...
From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by - - - - -
...
an inborn biological pro

---