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Karl Marx
5 Stages of History
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Primitive Communism
Slave Society
Feudalism
Capitalism
Socialism

To reach to…
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Communism

Primitive Communism
This is the first stage of history
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Tribes are led by the
best warrior for war or the best diplomat who has good contacts from other tribes to
keep them at peace

In the Stone Age, our ancestors co-operated together to get what they need
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However, the New Stone Age society decided to move on from hunting, gathering and
foraging for food and started to plant crops and rear livestock
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This also opened way to city life, property, patriarchy, slavery, imperial conquest
and other forms of “civilization”
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Class: the idea of class appears, there is always the slave-owning class and then
slaves themselves
Statism: the state develops during this stage and is used as a tool to use and control
the slaves
Agriculture: people learn to cultivate plants and animals on a large enough scale to
support larger populations
Democracy and Authoritarianism: democracy arises first and then the totalitarian
empire

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Private Property: citizens now own more than personal property, land ownership
begins due to agriculture

The slave-owning class would be the minority, who have vast wealth whereas the majority
have very little
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Women were dispossessed
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Conquering many slaves created huge problems, and it collapsed trying to maintain huge
empires (The Roman Empire)
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Feudalism
The third stage
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This was most popularly
known during the European Dark Ages when things turned from slavery to feudalism
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There
would only be one religion in the land and it’s organisations largely affected all parts
of daily life
Hereditary classes: ‘castes’ begin to form and often someone’s class is determined
from birth with no form of advancement possible
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Often, they
rebuild their empire once more – as Britain did from becoming a province to a
empire

There were many classes amongst feudalism, from kings, lords and serfs to even some
slaves
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Monarchs were slightly unsettled by the merchant class, who attained several riches
through trade
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Capitalism
The fourth stage
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Capitalism appeared after the bourgeois revolution when the
merchant predecessors overthrew the feudal system
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Supporters of laissez faire economics believe that there should be little or no

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intervention from the government in capitalism and Marxists such as Lenin believe
that a capitalist government is a key instrument for furthering capitalist power
Private property: the means of production are no longer in the hands of the
monarchy and its nobles, but rather they are controlled by the capitalists
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Capital (bourgeois) democracy
Wages: in capitalism, workers are rewarded according to their contract with their
employer
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In this sense all paid employment is
exploitation and the worker is ‘alienated’ from their work
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Warfare: capitalism spreads from the wealthiest countries to the poorest
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This is done through war, the
threat of war, or the export of capital
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The reduce barriers to entry in all markets,
especially to the poor, it is in this way that banks dramatically improve class mobility
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Socialism
Fifth and final stage

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