Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

NON-Amniotes--> amphibian (moist, scallesless, permebale skin , loss of limbs derived
character in some, most have four well develped limbs)

amphibian
moist, scallesless, permebale skin ,
loss of limbs derived character,
most have four well develped
limbs

MONOPHYLETIC LINEGAE)
Order
Caudata(Salamanders):
walking trout locomotion

salamander diversity
Paedomorphosis: retention
of larval chrctristcs in adult
form:
tooth and bone pattern
eyelids absent
functional lateral line and
retntn of gill slits e
...
internal fertilization, oviparity and viviparity,
young 20-60% adult length, fetuses obtain energy by scarping
material from sidewalls of oviduct using specialized embryonic
teeth, gas exchange btw fetal gills and oviduct walls

blowimp hunting--why still able to eat posinous frog-bcz cooking kills poison

Anurans vocalization for mating and reduce
watre loass) (varry among and within species,
identify sexes, speccies and individual) benefit -attarct mates, cost--energy expenditure and cue
for predator, mainly external sometimes internal
fertilization, parallel evolution of similar
repeoductive habits in different lineages,
parental care in frogs, 3 stages of tadpole
metamorphosis(stimulated by thyroxine)--inc in
tadpole size--fast growth, hind leg develp--slow
grwth, fore legs emerge and tail regresses(rapid)-reduces predation at a stage when individ are
most vulnerable, dart poisonous frogs in
trophics--consists alkanoids in their skin obtained
from prey

video: in newt tetradetoxin
which paralyzes predators
such as bullfrogs eats newts so
inside stomach--race between
acids and newts poison and
bullfrog callapses and dies so
Newt is posionous bcz it kills
not venomous

LEct 10: AMNIOTES-->

on LAND

Amniotes

each linegae independently
evolved parallel stratigies(but
diff characters) to live on land

saurospids

synaspids

(reptiles, birds)

(mammals)

Turtles:
all are oviparous, no parental care,
morphological specialization (terrestrial,
freshwater and marine habitat), SEX
determined by temperature, turtles sheels
unique and key to their suceess but had also
limited their diversity (SHEll--Dermal bone
fused to vertebral column and ribs), often
covered with horny scutes, often have flexible
hinge areas, SKELETON---ribs are external to
girdles(unique), heart shunting(shift
deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary to
the systemic circuits--centricylar chambers not
completely subdivided) , environmental effcets
on egg development, temp dependent sex
determination(TSD), 3 patterns of TSD--temp
vary during develop--up and bottom of nest

snakes: locomotion specializations (5 types), venomous, derived skull
and jaws, 3D movement: sideward movement, rotation, forward jaw
extension (more felxible and kinetic skull than lizarsd), SLOW
SWALLOWING, Sit and wait(wait for prey) and wodely foageing(go
out to hunt) lizards originate from diff lineage

Lizards: chameleonidae---varrying in size, most arboreal, laterally flattened
body, ZYGODACTYL feet and prehensile tail for grasping, tongues project,
SWIVEL eyes, change skin color, other diversity includes geckos (modifed
LEPIDOSAURS: TUATARAS, lizards and snakes(sister scales--setae), skinks, iguanas, Varanidae--monitor lizarads -small to very
linegae of crocodilians and birds) ,evolutn towards
large, are active predators, Overcome lung ventilation/respiration
more kinetic ,rapid,flexible mvmnt
challenge - use a positive pressure gular (throat) pump – assists in lung
determinate growth--inc in body size stops when
ventilation to help axial muscles sustain high levels of activity, KOMODO
growth center of long bone ossify, skin covered with DRAGONS--actv predators, venomous, LIMV REDUCTION EVOLVED AT
scales, four limbs or complt loss of limbs,
LEAST 6 times in lizards diff lineages, PARTHENOGENESIS---offspring
TUATARAS: Sphenodontidae--sister lineage of
generation from interspecific hybridization e

---