Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Stakeholders & Social Media (Sedereviciute & Valentini 2011)
By very actively observing and participating in information
sharing processes through social media, stakeholders present
challenges for business
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and those who have power, legitimacy and urgency
of affecting the performance of an organisation
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External – contact with the business but do not work
in it (customers, suppliers, government, public etc)
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Identify stakeholders
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Decide who is key (using mapping)
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Eden & Ackermann 1998 define them as
groups or people who have the power to directly affect the
organisations future, whereas Nutt and Backoff 1992 state them
as all parties who are affected by the business
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Useful for
understanding stakeholders
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Bryson 1995 & Moore 1995
state that attention to stakeholders is important throughout the
strategic management process because ‘success’ depends on
satisfying key stakeholders according to their definition of what is
valuable
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Basic analysis technique (Bryson 1995) – quick, useful way of
identifying stakeholders interests
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Power vs Interest Grid (Eden & Ackermann 1998)
helps to determin which players’ interest must be taken into
account to address issues at hand
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The Cultural Web (Johnson & Scholes 2012)– identifies six
interrelated elements that help make up the paradigm of the work
environment
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1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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Power structures- The
people who have the greatest amount of influence of decisions,
operations and strategic direction
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Serves as a basis of many new change models
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Comunication is important to keep
stakeholder informed
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A time marked with uncertainty and fear
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Change is a process that must be
carefully planned and executed
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Efforts must be made to make sure the efforts of the change are not lost
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Many feel that the refreezing step is
out-dated due to the continuous need for change
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Used for analysing organisations
and their effectiveness
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Fleisher & Bensousan
(2007) state that the conduct of top management is an extremely valuable management tool
that conveys and reinforces strong messages to stakeholders
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Systems relates to
process and procedures that are necessary in order to conduct the business (Murphy and
Willmott 2010)
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Skills (Schuler & Jackson 2007) relate to competencies and capabilities required by the Staff
in order to achieve the organisation Strategy in an effective way
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Singh 2013 found that the 7s model could be linked to all problems
related to and used to solve organisational communication problems
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Change agents - is a person from inside or outside the organisation who helps an organisation transforms
itself by focusing on such matters as organisational effectiveness, improvement and development
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Broad knowledge (of the industry as well as change, ethics etc
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Operational and Relational Knowledge – listen, trust, form relationship and flexible to deal with different
types of relationships and behaviours 3
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4
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Nikolaou et al (2007) states that a significant part of the change effort is the selection of the individual who
will design and execute the change with success
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Personality has an effect on who will be an efficient change
agent, Bandura (1977) noted that employees with high levels of change-related self-efficiency are unlikely to
be distressed by feelings of inadequacy so will be more persistent in their efforts to manage change
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Nikolaou 2007 finding suggest that resilient persons can be proved to be more
ready to accept and apply change
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CHANGE - Beer and Nohria (2000) argue that 70% of change programs fail because of lack of: strategy and
vision, communication and trust, top management commitment, resources, change management skills and
resistance to change

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