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Title: Imaging of Respiratory Disease
Description: This is a lecture that is part of the St. Georges University Biomedical Science course in the Human Cardiovascular and Respiratory Pharmacology module.
Description: This is a lecture that is part of the St. Georges University Biomedical Science course in the Human Cardiovascular and Respiratory Pharmacology module.
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Anatomy
No MRI for the lungs as there are no H+ in lungs
Techniques - Projection
P-A (relation of x-ray beam to patient)
Lateral projection
Left Upper Lobe and Lingula
LUL with Pneumonia -->
Consolidation in the lung (infection)
Left Lower Lobe
LLL with Pneumonia -->
Consolidation in the lung (infection)
Lung cannot separate from Hilum (attached) so lung collapses away
LLL collapse -->
Right Upper Lobe
Smaller as doesn't have lingula
RUL with Pneumonia --->
RUL collapse -->
Collapses upwards
Right Lower Lobe
RLL Pneumonia --->
Upper lobe takes space as RLL collapses away from hilum
RLL collapse --->
Right Midde Lobe
RML Pneumonia -->
Adult with cough and chest pain
Observations: Central mediastinal oval-shaped, Radiopacity, 2-heart size normal, lungs
clear
Interpretation: suspicious mass (C
...
X-rays passing through the body are detected by an array or sensors
Information from the sensors are computer processed and then displayed as an image on
a video screen
CT window settings
You can change the greyscale to make it easier for the human eye to see into tissues
Adult with acute SOB
Chest xray - no obvious consolidations
Pulmonary Embolism (RLL)
Saddle thrombus causing filling defects
White = I
...
Interpretation: consolidations and interstitial changes
Diagnosis: Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane
Conductance Regulator (CFTR) - ion channel
...
In Europe ~1 in 25 carry one CFTR gene mutation
(they do not have CF)
...
Incidence
varies greatly from country to country (in Finland only 1 in 25,000)
...
CFTR - Regulates Na+ channel
Mutation on chromosome 7
CFTR
CFTR is a cAMP-activated ATP-gated anion channel
...
Primarily chloride conductance, but can conduct many other anions including thiocyanate
(hypothiocyanite= antimicrobial activity) and bicarbonate (pH)
...
Consists of 2 Membrane Spanning Domains (MSD), 2 Nucleotide Binding Domains (NBD)
and a Regulatory (R) domain
...
Not all Mycobacteria cause TB
Transmission - in most cases TB is spread from person to person through the air via
droplet nuclei
...
Bacilli may reach any part of the body, but common sites include:
Brain
Larynx
Bone
Lymph node
Pleura
Lung
Kidney
Spine
shell breaks
down and
tubercle
bacilli escape
and multiply
(in this example,
TB disease
develops in
the lungs)
Title: Imaging of Respiratory Disease
Description: This is a lecture that is part of the St. Georges University Biomedical Science course in the Human Cardiovascular and Respiratory Pharmacology module.
Description: This is a lecture that is part of the St. Georges University Biomedical Science course in the Human Cardiovascular and Respiratory Pharmacology module.