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Title: Biology Notes
Description: These notes cover: Distinguishing between different variables, Carl Linnaeus’s and Carl Woese’s Contributions to Taxonomy and Biodiversity, Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Key Characteristics of 6 Kingdoms and 3 Domains, Distinguish between richness, abundance, and evenness, Taxonomic Rankings, and the Fundamental Principle of Taxonomy.
Description: These notes cover: Distinguishing between different variables, Carl Linnaeus’s and Carl Woese’s Contributions to Taxonomy and Biodiversity, Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Key Characteristics of 6 Kingdoms and 3 Domains, Distinguish between richness, abundance, and evenness, Taxonomic Rankings, and the Fundamental Principle of Taxonomy.
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How to distinguish between Independent, dependant, and controlled variables
Independent variable: The variable that is deliberately changed by the experimenter
...
Control variable: Any other variable that may affect the outcome
...
If they cannot be kept constant then
their values need to be monitored or recorded so that their influence can be assessed
...
Carl Woese:
- Created 3 domains that all organisms could be classified into
- 3 Domains:
● Eubacteria - Only contains kingdom Eubacteria
● Archaea - Only contains kingdom Archaea
● Eukaryotes - Contains other 4 kingdoms: Protista, Animals, Plants, Funghi
Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes - Unicellular Organisms that do not have organelles
Eukaryotes - Unicellular and Small multicellular organisms with organelles
Key Characteristics of 6 Kingdoms and 3 Domains
6 Kingdoms:
- Eubacteria
● 10,000 described species
● Prokaryotic
● Cell walls contain a unique compound
● Cells are variable in shape and size
● Diverse means of obtaining energy and nutrients - photosynthetic,
chemotrophic, or heterotrophic
● All can reproduce asexually
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-
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● Examples - Salmonella, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Archaea
● 400 described species
● Prokaryotic
● Cell walls and cell membranes have a unique stricture
● Most are extremely small
● Some colonize extreme environments
● Live in the digestive tracts of mammals and marine environments
● All can reproduce asexually
● Examples - Extreme thermophiles, methanogens
Protista
● 100,000 described species
● Eukaryotic
● Cells have extreme diversity of cellular structure
● Some have chloroplasts and cell walls
● May be heterotrophic or photosynthetic, or both
● Have variable forms of movement
● Usually live in aquatic or other moist environments
● Reproduce sexually and asexually
● Examples - Amoeba, Kelps, Green Algae
Fungi
● 100,000 described species
● Eukaryotic
● The cell wall is composed of chitin
● Most are multicellular
● Cells have no chloroplasts
● All are heterotrophic
● Most are terrestrial
● Reproduce sexually and asexually
● Examples - Mushrooms, yeasts, moulds
Plants
● 250,000 described species
● Eukaryotic
● All are multicellular
● Cell walls are composed of cellulose
● Possess chloroplasts
● Autotrophic and photosynthetic
-
● Most are terrestrial
● Reproduce sexually and asexually
● Examples - Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants
Animals
● 1
...
The
closer the numbers, the more biodiverse
Title: Biology Notes
Description: These notes cover: Distinguishing between different variables, Carl Linnaeus’s and Carl Woese’s Contributions to Taxonomy and Biodiversity, Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Key Characteristics of 6 Kingdoms and 3 Domains, Distinguish between richness, abundance, and evenness, Taxonomic Rankings, and the Fundamental Principle of Taxonomy.
Description: These notes cover: Distinguishing between different variables, Carl Linnaeus’s and Carl Woese’s Contributions to Taxonomy and Biodiversity, Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Key Characteristics of 6 Kingdoms and 3 Domains, Distinguish between richness, abundance, and evenness, Taxonomic Rankings, and the Fundamental Principle of Taxonomy.