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Unit 2 - Assignment 1 - P1 & M1
Procedures and practices commonly used in a science laboratory
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g
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Stock control - Checking and
ordering
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Equipment
Microscope
pH meter

Spectrophotometer

Centrifuge

Burette

What is done?
Rinsed clean and stored out with the protective cap to prevent
drying using a standard solution of known pH to calibrate
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Normal cleaning procedures
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The spout will need checking for damage
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Connections should be
checked for leakage which could cause an explosion
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Keeping logs and checking that you always have a correct number
of equipment by doing a count at the end of the week
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Toxic - salts may be diluted, flushed or dissolved
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Flammable materials - brick-built stone away from main block
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Drugs/poisons - locked cupboard
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Biological methods - sustainable environment to maintain
viability
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Log kept of any removals
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Immersion oil can cause a particular problem if left to dry
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The machine itself should be calibrated using standard solutions
of known pH
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The light path in the machine
should be cleaned, as should the carriage which holds the cuvettes with the
test solutions inside
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Seals around lids may need changing at times
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Normal cleaning procedures
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The spout will
need checking for damage as a break or chip will affect the accuracy of the
amount of liquid dispensed
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Any connections should be checked for leakage
which could cause explosions
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If there is
a possibility of drips falling down the chimney of the burner this should be
checked for blockages
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It works like an
extractor fan pulling air from inside the laboratory in to the fume
cupboard, across the work area then up a chimney and outside in to the
atmosphere
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The
movement of air can be checked by the technical staff using a basic piece
of equipment
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Used to measure the value of ac voltages and to make measurement so
that their frequencies can be calculated
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This could usually be carried out
by technical staff in the workplace but if adjustments are needed then a
specialist would be required
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g
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To ensure that there will be no
malfunctions while testing and
to ensure people do not get
harmed when doing
experiments
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To ensure that no equipment
had been stolen or lost and to
ensure that we have enough
equipment for practical work
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Risk if the procedure is not
followed
It will not give accurate results
if not carried out
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To ensure that all the
equipment does not have a
dangerous malfunction during
an experiment that could harm
someone in the working place
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Could harm the work area by
making the area radioactive
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Ensuring safe storage of
dangerous material

To keep the lab safe and to
ensure everyone on the lab is
safe at all times
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Working in science - Processes for disposing of waste
Chemical waste
Flammable solids: Large or small amount will require collection
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Metals such as sodium, lithium and calcium should be destroyed chemically before
disposal via a drain with great dilution
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Toxic chemicals: Most of these should be stored for collection or made safe chemically if in large
amount
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Corrosive liquids: These should be diluted and neutralised using sodium carbonate (for acids) or
ethanoic (acetic) acid (for alkalis) before washing to waste with large amounts of water
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Corrosive solids: These should be dissolved carefully, diluted greatly and preferably neutralised with
sodium carbonate as above before washing to waste
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Care should be taken that wood, paper or cloth does not become contaminated with the solution
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However,
if a small amount of asbestos is found, it should be sealed in a tough plastic bag and a special
collection arranged by contacting the Environmental Services department of your local council
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Lime/sulphur is used to help clean up small spills of
mercury and the mix contaminated with dust and small droplets of mercury from broken
thermometers, etc
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Clinical waste: Clinical waste is places in special yellow plastic bags and collected separately by the
refuse service for incineration
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e
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Sharps that might be contaminated with biologically
hazardous material, such as used needles, are collected in special reinforced bins and are usually
also taken away for incineration
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Other controls might be used for particularly dangerous drugs
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Radioactive waste: This waste can come from the energy industry where large amounts of
radioactive material will be generated
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This can be mixed with clinical waste and disposed of in the same way
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Sending an email
to the company that supplies the equipment
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Sending a fax to the
company that supplies the equipment
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Written/typed - Sending a letter to the manager notifying them of the low stock
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SMS/Pager - Sending a message via SMS or pager to the manager notifying them of the low
stock
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Using a radioactive substance
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Emails showing the information on how to use a radioactive substance, what to do and what
not to do in a situation
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Signs/posters showing the information on how to use a radioactive substance, what to do
and what not to do in a situation
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Written/typed information explaining how to use a radioactive substance, what to do and
what not to do in a situation
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Verbal - Explaining to someone how to use a radioactive substance, what to do and what not
to do in a situation
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Using a corrosive chemical
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Signs/posters showing the information on how to use a corrosive chemical, what to do and
what not to do in a situation
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Emails showing the information on how to use a corrosive chemical, what to do and what
not to do in a situation
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Using a step by step guide
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Using a step by step guide
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Using a step by step guide
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Using a step by step guide
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Using a step by step guide
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Using a step by step guide
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Using a step by step guide
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This can be possible via video calling software like Skype and FaceTime
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This form of
communication is used by almost everybody in their everyday lives, essential in the work
environment
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This
communication must be clear, as the person listening may not be able to understand the person
talking due to language and dialect differences or by mumbled speech
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Note: This is another useful form of communication as notes are easy to follow and cost effective
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However, there are some disadvantages to this form of communication as
notes can easily get lost or damaged and the person may not be able to read the writing on the note
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E-mail: This is a very wide form of communication as it is fast, efficient and free - very helpful in a
work environment
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Also, if accidently deleted, you can retrieve it from the
deleted folder or 'trash' very easily
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Although, the email could get
hacked by another user
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The text on the email must be clear so that the reader can easily understand what it is
telling them
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It is fast, direct and does not require an internet connection; it uses a telephone
line
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However, very little people own or use fax machines
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They may be hard to get
hold of and can also get damaged by water and short-circuit
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Formal letter: This is another, not as much used as before, method of communication
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The letter can contain a lot of detailed information and it still widely used
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Not to mention the post may get sent
to the wrong location
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Typing the letter on a computer is the best
approach for sending letters, as the reader may not be able to understand the writing on a hand
written letter
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Carrying out experiments
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On a weekly basis:
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Disposal of chemicals
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On a monthly basis:
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Stock ordering
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On an annually basis:
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Stock ordering
Log kept of any removals
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• It's direct
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• People may be more
comfortable to
participate in verbal
communication
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When using a phone
or video calling
software/application
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• Cheap
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Efficient
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Widely used form of
communication
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Direct
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Can send messages all
around the world
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• Might not be able to
hear other person in
another area
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Might get lost
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Can get damaged
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Might accidently
delete the email
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May send to wrong
person
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Direct
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Does not require an
internet connection
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Will contain a very
detailed guide
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Can send messages all
around the world
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Not many people own
fax machines or know
how to use them
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May be hard to get
hold of
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Might get lost
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Might send to the
wrong location
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Unit 2 - Assignment 1 - D1
Case study
Women called Sheri Sangji who was a researcher’s assistant at the University of California; she was
under the supervision of Professor Harran
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The experiment that Sheri Sangji's was going to carry out included the use of a highly volatile and
irritant chemical called tert-butyllithium 1
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This chemical ignites when exposed to open air
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When she began to transfer the solution with a syringe, she pulled the plunger out accidently and
the solution was exposed to air
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Consequently, she was set on
fire and 50% of her body was burnt
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After that, her family and other work colleagues sued the University along with Professor Harran
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7M
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Also, Sheri did
not take notice of the hazard signs labelled on the bottle before using the chemical
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The head has
the overall responsibility
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The key aspects to communication are: reporting results; scientific terminology; security; roles and
responsibility and an individual’s place in the team
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This is because if the procedures and practices are communicated clearly and efficiently, there will
be fewer accidents in the work environment as operation will be done safely and appropriately
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If the procedures and practices are not communicated efficiently and clearly, this could lead to
scenarios like what happened to Sheri in the case study
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However, whatever way the company will take responsibility,
they will be the people who have failed to communicate the procedures and practices efficiently to
their employees
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This is because the procedures and
practices are set for a reason and must be communicated clearly and efficiently; to avoid things like
this from ever occurring as it will only lead to negative results
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Instead you would use verbal communication as it is the
fastest, most efficient form of communication and gets the message fast - obviously you would also
set off the fire alarm
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Instead you would use written communication to label the jars as it the most relevant form
of communication in this situation
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You would not use post-it notes to explain the information; instead you would use
written communication like posters/signs or send an email showing what to do in the situation using explanations with diagrams
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Instead you would call the company that supplies it or
email them to inform that you want to order more stock
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