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Q
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Management in all business areas and
organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and
objectives efficiently and effectively
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The art of planning, co-coordinating, & controlling on industrial activity is called ​industrial
management
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James Lundy says, ‘’Management is principally a task of planning, co-coordinating,
motivating & controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective
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’’
·
H
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’’
·
According to Scanlan & kinz, “Management is the coordination & integration of all
resources, both human & technical to accomplish various specific results
...
”
So it is clear that management comprises, planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing,
and controlling an organization effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal
...


Q
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ANS:
THE OBJECTIVES (GOALS) OF MANAGEMENT
Management is a social process
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The objectives of management are given below:
1
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​Survival & growth:

The main objective of management is to secure maximum outputs with minimum efforts &
resources
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This combination
results in reduction of various costs
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Because, business world too much dynamic
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Pitter F
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”
3
...

4
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This in turn helps in
providing maximum benefits to the employee in the shape of good working condition, suitable
wage system, incentive plans on the one hand & higher profits to the employer on the other
hand
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​Human betterment & social justice:

Management serves as a tool for the upliftment as well as betterment of the society
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It provides justice through its uniform policies
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Development of material resources
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Creating vast market & ensuring mass production
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Supply of quality goods at a competitive price
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Development of product line
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Ensuring maximum customer services
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Creating production oriented working environment
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Development of labor-management relationship
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WHAT ARE THE MAJOR ACTIVITIES (FUNCTIONS) OF MANAGEMENT?
ANS:
MAJOR ACTIVITIES (FUNCTIONS) OF MANAGEMENT :
Management operates through various functions, often classified as
1
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organizing,

3
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Controlling/monitoring
...
) and generating plans for action
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”
Organizing: Prof
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”(Implementation)

●

●

●
●

making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of
plans
...
M
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Job analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals
for appropriate jobs
...
L
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”Determining what needs
to be done in a situation and getting people to do it
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Motivation : M
​
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Motivation is also a kind of basic function of management, because
without motivation, employees cannot work effectively
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Q: WHAT IS MOTIVATION?
ANS:
MOTIVATION:
The word Motivation originated from “Motive” which means want, need, impulse or drive
...
”
They want impulse or drive finds expression through motive
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It is
motive which prompts a person to action
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Motivation is the key to work performance
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Motivation is said to be ​intrinsic or
extrinsic​
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This article refers to human motivation
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Conceptually, motivation
should not be confused with either ​volition or ​optimism​
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Motivation determines the human behavior
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Various definitions of motivation are given below:
·
George R Terry defined motivation as,” the desire within an individual that stimulates him
or her to action”
·
Dotton E
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”
·
Michal J
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”

·
Edwin B
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”
·
M
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Gannon says, “Motivation basically means an individual’s needs, desires, & concepts
that cause him or her to act in a particular manner
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Gibson says, “Motivation may be defined as the state of individual’s perspective
which represents the strength of his or her propensity to exert effort toward some particular
behavior
...
”

Q: EXPLAIN DIFFERENT MOTIVATING FACTORS USED IN MANAGEMENT PROCESS
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This is possible if the intensity to work willingly of a person is increased, people are
to be motivated
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e
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:
1
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Non-financial means of motivation
These are explained below:
1
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The workers will interest on their job only when they get their desired facilities
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When they become financially solvent, they perform their
work more actively
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The elements of this motivation are given below:
1
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Profit sharing
3
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Financial security
5
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Accommodation facilities
7
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Medicare facilities
9
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Rewards
11
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Canteen facilities

1) ​Fair wages:
Fair wages is an effective instrument in the hands of a manager for inspiring people at work
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2) ​Profit sharing:
Generally owner is the main obtained of the profit
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Thus a company may develop
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Usually,
during special occasions bonus is given through the workers & subordinates
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So they can actively perform their work
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4) ​Financial security:
Every worker has a desire to future financial security
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5) ​ Advance:
At present in our country many company gives advance to the worker or subordinates from their
provident fund against their raw wages
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This also inflamed them to work properly
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If a worker has no good
accommodation facilities he or she cannot give concentration to his/her work
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If it is not possible to manage
accommodation facilities for the workers an allowance should be managed for them
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So the managers have a responsibility to manage
the transportation facilities for the workers & subordinates
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For this reason they awakened to work
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It will reduce misunderstanding & build up good human relations
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If the workers are motivated internally they
present a good job
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Thus a
company may failure to earn profit
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9) ​Promotion:
Promotion is concerned with a question of rising financial convenience
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So efficient employee should be promoted & suitably rewarded
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The employees perform their work
properly
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11 ​Rationing facilities:
The rationing facilities at a very lower cost incite the employees to work
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12 ​Canteen facilities:
By working a long time workers become tired
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But
time value of a company is most important
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By
taking this process time is properly utilized abreast of recreation of the employees
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The
elements of this motivation are given below:
1
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Security
3
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Personal power & rights
5
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Appreciation of worthwhile work
7
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Democratic management
9
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10
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Granting union right
12
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Creating education facilities
14
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The working place
should have well ventilation, net & clean, sufficient healthy latrines, canteen facilities, restroom,
etc
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2) ​Security:
Job security should be ensured to the employees
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It
may not be benedictory for a company
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So the work must be
attractive for them
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They want to
get personal power & rights beside with fundamental rights at their job sectors
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5) ​Fair treatment:
Proper & fair treatment is given to the employee
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6) ​Appreciation of worthwhile work:
Human loves to hear the appreciation of worthwhile work & impressed by it
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7) ​Training facilities:
Proper & adequate training to the employee is to be provided
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It is benedictory for the development of any company
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Before taking a serious decision their opinion are considered
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They develop a sense of belonging
to the organization leading to high morale
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So it is necessary to establish
equity among them
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By this union they can express their
opinions
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13)
​Creating education facilities:
Employees work at industry whole day
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They cannot
educate their child
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For this reason the company
should have to create education facilities to their children
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14)
​ Other motivational arrangements:
Other motivational arrangements include:
·
Sports facilities for the workers
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·
Arranging picnic
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·
Proper division of work
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·
Proper management also plays a great role in boosting up morale of the workers
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·
The management should make necessary effort to find out reasons for employees
dissatisfaction if any prevailing among them
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To get all these necessities one
has to possess money
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The future is uncertain hence exact prediction of future is
not possible
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Things
may change in future
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This aspect therefore makes planning a continuous activity
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​Planning focuses on objectives:- Planning is related with objectives
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It
provides for ends and means for attaining of objectives
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(3​)
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Managers at all levels have to
set goals and operating plans in the light of the objectives and plans prepared by the top
management
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(4)
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It precedes
all other management functions
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Planning determines the type of organization
required, kind of people needed how to direct and lead them, and to furnish standards of
control
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(5)
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It involves
selection of most accurate, economic and efficient alternative course of action that will lead to
optimum output at minimum costs
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​Planning is flexible:- Planning process considers the changing environment and accordingly
it changes its action plan
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(7)
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Thus it attains the unity and cooperation of all departments
which is essential in accomplished the objectives
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(8)
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Plans are to be formulated in the light of the above limiting factors
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§ A good plan should be simple, easily understandable and based on clear and well defined
objectives
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§ Future is uncertain therefore a plan should be flexible and adaptable to the changing
conditions
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§ It should provide for the maximum utilization of resources
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§ It should give due emphasis to all important aspects of business i
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it should be balanced
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Q
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ANS:
Planning is an intellectual process that requires imagination and sound judgment
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Manager must have the clear vision
of the problem or the objectives that are to be attained and the benefits obtained from those to
the enterprise
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Adequate information is to be collected relating to the action plan
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They are external and internal to the
organization
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attitudes of people etc
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The information collected regarding these is to be
analyzed, classified and tabulated
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These assumptions include
forecasting regarding some future events, such as trends in prices, economic and political
conditions, fiscal policy of the government, consumer behavior, market conditions, variation in
income of the consumers etc
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controls acts as a limiting factors
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[#] Determining alternate courses of action or plans: There exists many ways and means to
perform a work
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[#] Evaluation of alternatives: The strengths and weaknesses of each alternate plan is examined
and evaluated in the light of assumptions of planning and objectives
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[#] Selecting the best course of action: After evaluating all the alternatives & the best one is
selected
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[#] Setting up the sequence of activities: After selecting the alternative course of action, the next
step is to decide the sequence of activities according to the needs of each section or
development
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Several derivative plans are
prepared for various departments
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[#] Pursuing progress check-up: Result determines success of plan
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i
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all the activities
are to be controlled
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DISCUSS THE ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
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Ø Planning enables minimizing wastages hence scarce rare resources are saved
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Thus increase the efficiency of the enterprise
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Ø Planning enables a firm to remain in competition
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It
also helps the firm to take necessary measures to combat competition
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Ø Planning serves as a base for control
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This enables the managers to control the
activities
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Ø Planning enables effective coordination of all management functions
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Ø Planning increases the morale and confidence of the managers and helps them to lead their
subordinates effectively
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The best one is selected to attain
organizational objectives
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ANS:
Decision Making​: Manager’s actions are projected through decision making
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Managers at all levels have to take some decisions in their day to
day working
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While making a decision, a
manager has to make a choice from amongst various courses of actions or alternatives
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Decision making is risky
for its uncertainty
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Manager’s performance is judged
by the decision making instinct
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# Here some definitions from the experts:-§ George R
...
”
§ R
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Davar:- the selection based on some criteria of one behavior alternative from
two or more possible alternatives
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§ Franklin G
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A manager has to take several decisions daily
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Timely implementation of a decision
increases its significance and worthiness
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The decision is not made in isolation
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Decision making process
involves following stages
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Crystallizing and defining the problems: Searching of the problem, knowing its magnitude,
diagnosing and defining it, is the first step in decision making
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It is not that easy
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All the factors involved in defining the problem should be looked into
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This helps in
defining the problem
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Analyzing the problem and gathering relevant information: This second stage involves
classification of the problem which is necessary to know the jurisdiction of authority to take
decision
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a) Nature of the problem and the decision required whether routine or strategic
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c) The futurity of the decision
d) The quantitative elements involved
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After analyzing the problem all relevant information pertaining it should
be gathered although it is not always possible to collect the complete information due to many
difficulties such as its expensiveness
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He can then predict the risk involved in taking
decision
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Developing alternative solutions or courses of action: A problem can be solved with different
alternative solutions
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These alternative solutions aid to make the best decision
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Sometimes it may lead to a wrong decision
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At times taking no action is beneficial
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4
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A
manager weighs the consequences of all solution against each other
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The other way in evaluating these alternatives is through
insight
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5
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It becomes a useless exercise if the decision is not
properly implemented
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This required

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