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Study Guide

STUDY GUIDE
& WORKBOOK

Reprint March 2012

Copyright © 2010 by Master Books
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any manner whatsoever without written permission of
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4
The Grand Staircase and Noah’s Flood
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9
Other Petrified Examples
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16
Rapid Layer Deposition and Erosion
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21
Petrified Forest – Conclusion
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24
Meteor Crater Early History
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29
Shoemaker’s Theory
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33
Conclusion
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Where did they come from? Why are they here? How
did they petrify? How do they fit in with the biblical view
of earth’s history?
Just farther west is a huge crater etched into the desert
limestone and sandstone
...
But evidence later revealed that this
crater was caused by a large meteorite hitting the earth at
an estimated 40,000 miles per hour, just a few thousand
years ago
...
But did something
like this cause the demise of the dinosaurs like so many
secular scientists believe today?
Meteor Crater, the Petrified Forest
...

This area is part of the _______________________,
a 10,000-foot-deep section of sedimentary strata,
starting at the top of ______________ Canyon
in Utah, and ending at the bottom of the Grand
Canyon
...

Much of this area is in the Chinle Formation, which
is in the lower middle of the Grand Staircase
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6 • Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide

It is thought to have been formed over millions of
years, but there’s another story that better explains
the features we see
...

The ________________ of the great deep burst forth
and it rained for 40 days and nights non-stop, and
culminated in a year-long Flood
...
________________ covered the whole
earth for about a year
...
Water from the Flood rushed off
the continents, eroding valleys
...

The landscape of the entire southwest shows evidence
that there were two large lakes that existed eastward of
the _______________ Plateau
...

_________________ continued to erupt around this
Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide • 7

area, even after the Flood
...

Much of the Chinle Formation contains volcanic
______________ laid down by water
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When it mixed
with sand and mud, this huge layer was deposited,
along with logs and dinosaurs
...
What is the Painted Desert?
2
...
How is Noah’s Flood a better explanation for
what we see in the Petrified Forest National
Park?

Bonus Activity:
Find a map and see if you can draw a circle around
the Grand Canyon, Meteor Crater, and the Petrified
Forest
...
Helens
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Scientists
here say that they are millions and millions of years
old
...

Petrified Forest National Park is just 124 miles east
of Flagstaff, Arizona
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Thousands of
petrified trees lie on the ground, mostly broken apart
into rounds
...
Also in the park are hills of
amazing colors
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It screams “Catastrophe!”
Please note if the following statements are
true (T) or false (F)
...

________
Park signs say that this area was formed 225 million
years ago, but is this accurate? This date comes from a
belief in evolution and millions of years
...
________
Everyone agrees these logs were transported in and
by water, laid down here, then fossilized
...
________
You either think in long ages, a concept held by those
who believe in creation
...
________
First of all, the root balls on these logs are very small,
or just absent, which scientists see as evidence that
the original trees were ripped out of their original
location in a cataclysmic event
...
________
During the Flood, massive amounts of water rushed
across the land, uprooting much of the vegetation,
including large trees
...
________
The bark has been stripped off, so something
happened to cause the bark to be knocked off
...
Helens, we saw
something similar
...
Helens on
Spirit Lake
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During the Flood
catastrophe we expect nothing less
...
Bark is commonly found in coal layers
...
They are large
...
The environment back then
was definitely better than today, but still suffered
the effects of the Curse because of the Fall of man
...
________
Why is this significant? Well, when the logs were
buried, the carbon would have traded places with the
silica in a chemical process called mummification, and
the logs were quickly fossilized
...
But with the right conditions,
such as a global Flood, it could take less than a year
...
Now that’s repeatable science! ________
Also, in Yellowstone National Park, scientists
experimented with putting logs in silica rich water and
in less than a year substantial fossilization occurred
...
In a few years or less, the large inland lakes
wore away at the limestone in the Kiabab Plateau,
and a massive erosional event occurred, where the
Grand Canyon was carved in just days
...

The exiting water eroded through these layers,
exposing the petrified tress and creating the “teepee”
geologic features
...

But in some places like Jasper Forest, the stumps
are buried in sandstone with pebbles
...

When a rock layer has pebbles, it’s usually a sign that
fast moving water was involved to round the rocks
...

It’s interesting that we find entire logs here, and not
just bits and pieces of them
...

the global Flood makes perfect sense!
Remember, don’t sample or take any pieces of
petrified wood
...

12 • Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide

Discussion Questions
1
...
What do the
genealogies found in the Bible that speak of
the world being around 6,000 years old mean
when looking at a biblical account of earth’s
history?
2
...
Helens in southern Washington State
...
Helens had a huge eruption,
causing the north side of the mountain to slide
into the valley below, resulting in the largest
______________ in recorded history
...

The wave was so huge that it pulled the entire forest
of large, mature trees back into the lake in less than a
few minutes
...
The logs rubbed together and the bark sunk
...

Eventually, up to 20,000 logs sank to the bottom
of the lake, and the layer of bark formed a layer of
____________________
...

If Mount St
...
Eventually the trees would
fossilize
...
Helens would look much like
what we see at Petrified Forest National Park, and
even the numerous levels of apparent petrified forests
at Specimen Ridge in Yellowstone National Park
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Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide • 15

WHAT ABOUT THE
TEEPEES?
Fill in the blanks with words from the
following list:
uniformity Noah’s Flood
deposited
water erosion
monsoon layers

sediments
underwater

Driving along within the Petrified Forest National
Park you’ll see steep, cone-shaped hills, which are
called “the Teepees
...
Their shape
is the result of ___________________________
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The ash and
clay erode quickly when this much rain falls over a
short period of time
...
How? Let’s look at the evidence
...
It was
not a local event, but huge, in order for the same
colored layers to stretch out for extreme distances
...

If it were a smaller event, then layers would be more
sporadic
...

Every volcanic eruption puts out different materials,
some coarse, some fine, so one layer is never the same
as the next
...

Slow and gradual processes would have laid down
these deposits with no _________________
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Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide • 17

RAPID LAYER
DEPOSITION AND
EROSION
Fill in the blanks with words from the
following list:
earthen dam
periods
processes
ash layers
independent

hundreds
alternating
crater
formations

features
melted
debris
strata
airborne
erosional
Grand Canyon

Rapid layered deposits and erosion are not a fairy tale
...
Helens, the 1980 eruption
blasted the volcanic ash and debris to the north,
piling ash layers on top of the initial landslide
___________________
...

Then in 1982, Mount St
...

When the eruption happened, the snow and ice
________________
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All of this ________________________ action
happened in just a few hours
...

These erosional _____________________ have
allowed scientists to view the layers laid down by
Mount St
...

What they observed was different layers of ash,
pumice and mud laid down rapidly, some by
________________________ processes, some by
water processes
...

Even in the hurricane force spread of deposition,
independent multiple layers were made
_________________________ between fine grain
and coarse materials
...
Helens helped researchers realize
how a catastrophe, like the Flood, can develop
________________________ multiple layers in the
strata, as well as large erosional features
...

So when someone thinks that geological features took
long ___________________ of time, this should be
immediately questioned
...

It’s just here that the layers were exposed,
then weathered away into these fantastic
_______________
...


Discussion Questions
1
...
Helens so important for researchers who
support a biblical time-line of history?
2
...

Another proposed idea is a meteor crashed into
the ocean, causing tidal waves and ____________,
destroying life on the planet
...
What is a meteor?
2
...
Put a towel on the table
and then an unbreakable bowl half-filled with water
on the towel
...
Re-create the
impact, dropping the rock at different levels to see
how that changes the impact on the water
...

What happens when the rock hits the water? Or hits
the sand?

26 • Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide

METEOR CRATER
EARLY HISTORY
In the early 1900s, Daniel Barringer, a mining
engineer and businessman, came across this large
crater
...
But he had
a different opinion
...

He believed it was an impact crater from a meteorite,
and began to perform research to show that it was
...

______
If it was a meteorite, being a mining engineer, he
knew that fragments, or even the meteor itself, would
be worthless, making no money if sold
...
______
When iron ore is mined from the earth, it typically
yields 65–70 percent iron
...
______
A meteorite will typically contain about 92 percent
iron and 7 percent nickel
...
______
He first thought he’d find it in the side of the crater
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Instead of giving up, he changed his plan of
attack
...
So he drilled into the rim
...

______
That was enough to convince him that it was a crater
caused by a volcano, not a meteorite impact
...
There are a
hundred or more of these craters around the earth,
but we can’t see them because they are eroded and
obscured in a tropical rain forest or on the ocean floor
...

Please note if the following statements are
true (T) or false (F)
...
That’s as long as two and a half football fields
...

Because of this great speed, most of the meteorite
vaporized, leaving the crater and just small fragments
scattered around
...
But according to the
genealogies in the Bible, the earth is only 60,000 years
old, and God doesn’t get things wrong
...
So this puts
it more than 4,350 years ago
...
______
Researchers have pointed out that after the Flood
receded, two very large inland lakes, three times the
size of Lake Michigan, were here in the early stages
after the Flood, trapped between mountains and
plateaus
...
When the water
finally wore through, it carved the Grand Canyon in
just a few decades, emptying the lakes and leaving this
area as a high desert
...
It’s just an educated guess
...
Studying impact craters
was his passion
...

Fill in the blanks with words from the
following list:
Chesapeake hypothesized craters
sea floor
ashes
meteorites
anomaly

evidence
moon

He _______________ that meteor impact craters are
much more numerous than anyone previously thought
...

Based on his research, he proposed that there could
be other _____________ around the world, and he
began searching for them
...

Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide • 31

Then he used this ____________________ to test
other craters around the world
...

Some of these craters have been found in
__________________ Bay as well as on the Yucatan
Peninsula
...
He was even a candidate to go to
the moon, but could not because of his health
...

His widow, Carolyn Shoemaker continues his work to
search for meteorites in space and impact craters here
on earth
...


32 • Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide

DINOSAUR
EXTINCTION
BECAUSE OF
METEOR IMPACT?
Did a meteor impact cause the death of dinosaurs?
Let’s look at the facts
...
Yet most of them seem to skirt around the
___________________ concept, even though most of
the evidence supports it
...
Any other theory that does not
involve water just doesn’t stand up
...
If
they died in the sea, the same processes would have
consumed their ______________
...

When we use the _________________ as our history
guide book, we see the mechanism of a global Flood
...

But the Bible also tells us that God brought two of
every _________________, air-breathing animal
on Noah’s ark, which included the various dinosaur
kinds, estimated to be 50
...

As we already mentioned, some secular scientists have
proposed an immense _________________ caused
by a giant meteorite hitting the earth, blocking out the
sun, and dwindling their food supply
...

These impacts should have affected the whole world’s
animal _________________, but they didn’t
...

Other ideas say a meteorite hit the ocean near the
Yucatan Peninsula, causing giant ___________ and
acid rain to fall, killing off the dinosaurs
...

34 • Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide

CONCLUSION
The Bible can be trusted as the true history book of
the world
...
We even expect meteorites
to impact the world, being that it is sin-cursed and
broken
...

We start first with the Bible, trusting that it is God’s
true Word, and then interpret the evidence through
what we read in the Bible
...

We let God be the ultimate authority on the subject
and go from there using the milestones He has
revealed in the Bible
...

They do not trust God and His Word as the ultimate
authority, and so by default, man becomes his own
authority
...

This is why there will always be a difference in what is
thought about earth’s history
...
It shapes the way we look
at the evidence as though we were wearing a certain
type of glasses
...

Explore Meteor Crater/Petrified Forest study guide • 35

He promises to destroy it again, this time by fire, but
He promises salvation through His son Jesus Christ
...

A group of scientists are concerned about this and
continue to watch the heavens for meteorites heading
to earth
...
And there will be
another coming judgment, and this time of fire
...

As we look at Meteor Crater, it gives a glimpse of
what God can do
...
Even so, God sent a means of salvation
as He did with the ark from the Flood
...

God is going to judge the earth for its rebellion once
again
...

Have you repented of your sins and come to Jesus
Christ? We invite you to come to salvation today
...
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With this study guide you can enrich the student experience
of watching Episode 3: Explore Meteor Crater and Petrified
Forest

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