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Exam Paper for Managerial Psychology in BBA (With
Answers)
PAPER # 1

Course: Managerial Psychology
Program: Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
Duration: 2 hours
Instructions: Answer all questions
...
Each question is
worth 20 points
...
" How can emotional
intelligence be beneficial for managers in the workplace? (10 points)

b) Discuss the key differences between Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's
Two-Factor Theory
...
(10 points)

Question 2: Motivation and Leadership (20 points)

a) What is the Expectancy Theory of motivation? Explain the key components of this
theory and how it can be applied to motivate employees in a business setting
...

Compare and contrast these two leadership styles, highlighting their respective
strengths and weaknesses
...
How can managers use reinforcement theory to encourage desirable
workplace behaviors and discourage undesirable ones? Provide examples
...
How can
an understanding of these stages help managers in building and leading effective
teams? (10 points)

Question 4: Decision-Making and Problem Solving (20 points)

a) What is bounded rationality, and how does it relate to decision-making in
organizations? Discuss the concept of satisficing and provide examples of when
satisficing might be an appropriate approach for managers
...
Using a practical
scenario, outline how a manager could apply this model to make a complex decision
within an organization
...
Discuss how managers can effectively manage and reduce stress among
their employees
...
Provide examples of when each of these methods would be
most appropriate in addressing conflicts among employees or teams
...
To provide you with complete answers, I would need
to write lengthy responses for each question
...


3

PAPER # 2
Multiple Choice Questions
1
...
Motivation

o

B
...
Personality

o

D
...
All of the above are core concepts in managerial psychology
...
Which of the following motivation theories is based on the idea that people are
motivated by a hierarchy of needs?
o

A
...
Herzberg's two-factor theory

o

C
...
All of the above

o

E
...
Which of the following perception biases can lead to inaccurate judgments of
others?
o

A
...
Horn effect

o

C
...
All of the above

o

E
...
Which of the following personality traits is associated with successful leadership?

4

o

A
...
Conscientiousness

o

C
...
All of the above

o

E
...
Which of the following leadership styles is most effective in situations where
creativity and innovation are needed?
o

A
...
Participative leadership

o

C
...
All of the above

o

E
...
Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
...
Extrinsic motivation is the desire to do something because it leads to
an external reward or punishment
...
Describe the four main components of the halo effect
...
* Similarity:
We tend to like people who are similar to us in terms of appearance, interests, and
values
...
For example, if we
are interviewing two candidates for a job, we are more likely to rate the second
candidate higher if the first candidate was particularly weak
...

8
...

Answer: The four main leadership styles are: * Directive leadership: Directive leaders
give clear instructions and tell their followers exactly what to do
...
*

5

Laissez-faire leadership: Laissez-faire leaders give their followers a great deal of
autonomy and freedom
...

9
...

Answer: Some of the challenges of managing a diverse workforce include: *
Communication challenges: People from different cultures may have different
communication styles and expectations
...
* Discrimination and prejudice:
Employees may experience discrimination or prejudice based on their race, ethnicity,
gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics
...

10
...

Answer: Work-life balance is important for employees because it allows them to reduce
stress, improve their health and well-being, and be more productive at work
...

Essay Question
11
...
"
Answer: Leadership is the ability to influence others to achieve a common goal
...

Effective leaders are able to build trust and rapport with their followers, motivate them to
achieve their goals, and provide them with the resources and support they need
...

Leadership is important for organizations because it helps them to achieve their goals
...
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Type A personality?
a) Competitiveness
b) Patience
c) Time urgency
d) Aggressiveness

2
...
In the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need is at the highest level of
the hierarchy?
a) Physiological needs
b) Safety needs
c) Belongingness and love needs
d) Self-actualization needs

4
...
Which leadership style is characterized by a high concern for both people and
production?
a) Autocratic leadership

7

b) Laissez-faire leadership
c) Transformational leadership
d) Transactional leadership

**Section 2: Short Answer (15 points)**

6
...
Provide an example of how it might manifest in a
workplace setting
...
Briefly explain the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) and why it's important for
managers
...
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? Give an example of
each
...


9
...
Discuss the
key characteristics of each style, the potential benefits they offer to organizations, and
the situations in which each style is most effective
...


10
...
Explain the sources of workplace stress and its effects on
individuals and organizations
...
Provide practical
examples or case studies to illustrate your points
...
)

**Section 1: Multiple Choice**

1
...
a) Perception
3
...
b) Fundamental attribution error
5
...
Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort or tension one feels when holding two
contradictory beliefs, attitudes, or values
...
This may result in stress or a change in beliefs to
align with their actions
...
Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to recognize, understand, manage, and use
one's emotions effectively and to influence the emotions of others
...


8
...
An example is an employee who loves their work and is motivated by
the satisfaction it brings
...
For instance, an employee motivated by a bonus offered for meeting a
sales target is extrinsically motivated
...
*Leadership Styles*

9

- Transformational leadership and servant leadership are two distinct styles
...
They are charismatic and focus on innovation and change
...
Both styles can be effective, but in different ways
...
*Workplace Stress and Coping*
- Workplace stress can arise from various sources, including workload, job insecurity,
conflicts, and unrealistic expectations
...
Managers can help by promoting work-life balance, offering stress
management programs, and fostering a supportive culture
...


PAPER # 4
Part A: Multiple Choice (1 mark each)
1
...
How people behave in organizations
...
How to apply psychological principles to improve organizational
performance
...
Both A and B
...
None of the above
...
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences employee motivation?
o

A
...


o

B
...


o

C
...


o

D
...


3
...
Autocratic leadership
...
Participative leadership
...
Laissez-faire leadership
...
All of the above
...
Which of the following is a type of personality test?
o

A
...


o

B
...


o

C
...


o

D
...


5
...
Clan culture
...
Adhocracy culture
...
Hierarchy culture
...
All of the above
...
What are the three main types of motivation?
2
...
What are the four main personality types according to the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI)?
4
...
What are the three main steps in the decision-making process?
Part C: Essay (10 marks)
Discuss the importance of managerial psychology in the workplace
...
C
2
...
D
4
...
D
Part B:
1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...

5
...

Part C:
Managerial psychology is important in the workplace because it can help managers to:


Understand how to motivate employees
...




Create a positive work environment
...




Make sound decisions
...

Example essay:
Managerial psychology is the study of how people behave in organizations and how to
apply psychological principles to improve organizational performance
...

Managerial psychology can help managers to understand how to motivate employees
...
Managerial psychology can
teach managers about different types of motivation, such as intrinsic motivation and
extrinsic motivation, and how to create a work environment that fosters motivation
...
Relationships are essential for success in any
organization, and managerial psychology can teach managers how to communicate
effectively, resolve conflict, and build trust with their employees
...
A positive work environment is one in which employees feel valued,
respected, and supported
...

Finally, managerial psychology can help managers to select and develop employees
...
Managerial psychology can teach
managers how to assess candidates' skills and personality traits, and how to select the
best candidates for the job
...
Managerial psychology can teach managers how to create
training and development programs that will help employees to grow and develop in
their careers
...
What is the study of managerial psychology? (A) The study of how people
behave in organizations (B) The study of how to manage people effectively (C)
The study of how to apply psychological principles to the workplace (D) All of the
above

13

2
...
(B) A personality trait
is a learned behavior, while a personality state is an inherited trait
...
(D) None of the above
3
...
What is the difference between motivation and effort? (A) Motivation is the desire
to achieve a goal, while effort is the amount of energy exerted towards achieving
that goal
...
(C) Motivation is a learned behavior, while effort is an inherited trait
...
What is the best way to motivate employees? (A) Use a variety of motivational
techniques, such as financial rewards, praise, and recognition
...
(C) Provide employees with
opportunities for growth and development
...
Discuss the different types of personality traits and how they can impact job
performance
...
Explain the different types of motivation theories and how they can be applied to
the workplace
...
Discuss the importance of leadership in organizations and the different types of
leadership styles
...
Explain the different types of communication styles and how they can be used
effectively in the workplace
...
Discuss the different types of organizational cultures and how they can impact
employee morale and productivity
...
(D)
2
...
(B)
4
...
(D)
Essay Questions
1
...
Extroverted people may be
better suited for jobs that require a lot of interaction with others, such as sales or
customer service, while introverted people may be better suited for jobs that
require more independent work, such as research or writing
...
Conscientious people may be better suited for jobs that require a
lot of attention to detail, such as accounting or engineering, while impulsive
people may be better suited for jobs that require more creativity and innovation,



such as design or marketing
...
Neurotic people may be

less able to handle stressful situations effectively, while emotionally stable people
may be better able to cope with pressure and stress
...
There are many different types of motivation theories, but some of the most
common ones include:




Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of
motivation that suggests that people are motivated to satisfy their basic needs,
such as food, water, and shelter, before they are motivated to satisfy higher-level
needs, such as self-esteem and love
...
Hygiene factors are
factors that prevent job dissatisfaction, such as salary and working conditions
...

Expectancy theory: Expectancy theory is a theory of motivation that suggests
that people are motivated to achieve goals when they believe that they have the
ability to achieve

PAPER # 6
Multiple Choice Questions
1
...
Which of the following is a type of personality test?
o

(A) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

o

(B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Neither (A) nor (B)

o
o

(E) None of the above
3
...
Which of the following is a leadership style?
o

o

(A) Authoritarian
(B) Democratic
(C) Laissez-faire
(D) All of the above

o

(E) None of the above

o
o
o

16

5
...
Managerial psychology is the study of how to apply psychological principles to
the workplace
...
Personality tests can be used to predict employee performance
...
Motivation is a process by which individuals are moved to act to achieve a
desired goal
...
Leadership is the ability to influence others to achieve a common goal
...
Team building is the process of creating a cohesive and effective team
...
Define managerial psychology
...
It is concerned with
understanding employee behavior, improving employee performance, selecting
the right employees for the job, and creating a positive work environment
...
What are the different types of personality tests? There are two main types of
personality tests:
o

o

Projective tests: These tests measure personality by asking individuals to
interpret ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures
...

3
...

Herzberg's two-factor theory: This theory states that there are two types of
factors that motivate employees: hygiene factors and motivators
...
Motivators, on the other hand, are
the factors that actually lead to increased employee performance
...

4
...

Democratic: This style of leadership is characterized by high participation
from subordinates
...

5
...

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each of the following questions
...
Which of the following is NOT a type of motivation?

18

o

A
...
Intrinsic motivation

o

C
...
Physical motivation

2
...
Pay

o

B
...
Work-life balance

o

D
...
Which of the following is a type of personality test?
o

A
...
Big Five Personality Test

o

C
...
All of the above

4
...
Autocratic leadership

o

B
...
Laissez-faire leadership

o

D
...
Which of the following is a type of communication style?

Answers:
1
...
D

19

o

A
...
Non-verbal communication

o

C
...
All of the above

3
...
D
5
...

1
...
What are some of the key factors in job satisfaction?
3
...
What are the different types of leadership styles and what are the pros and cons
of each?
5
...
Intrinsic motivation is motivation that comes from within the individual, such as a
sense of accomplishment or satisfaction
...

2
...

3
...
These
tests can be used to identify an individual's personality type and strengths and
weaknesses, which can be helpful in matching people to the right jobs and
teams
...
The three main types of leadership styles are autocratic, democratic, and laissezfaire
...
Democratic leaders involve their team members in the
decision-making process and give them more autonomy
...
Each leadership style has its own pros and cons
...
Democratic leadership can be

20

effective in situations where creativity and innovation are important, but it can
also be slow and inefficient
...

5
...
Cultural
differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, while language barriers
can make it difficult for people to communicate effectively
...

Essay Question
Instructions: Write a short essay on one of the following topics:


The importance of motivation in the workplace



The role of personality in leadership



The challenges and opportunities of communicating in a diverse workplace

Answer:
One of the most important things for managers to understand is the importance of
motivation in the workplace
...
There are two main types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic
...
Extrinsic motivation comes from outside the individual,
such as rewards or punishments
...

PAPER # 7
Multiple Choice (1 mark each)
1
...
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of:
(a) Motivation (b) Personality (c) Learning (d) Emotions

21

3
...
The process of making a choice among two or more alternatives is called:
(a) Problem-solving (b) Decision-making (c) Critical thinking (d) All of the above
5
...
What is the difference between motivation and hygiene factors?
2
...

3
...
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different decision-making styles
...
What are the different stages of the creative process?
Essay (10 marks)
Discuss the role of managerial psychology in improving employee performance and
organizational productivity
...
(d) Creativity
2
...
(d) Transformational
4
...
(d) Convergent creativity
Short Answer

22

1
...

2
...

3
...

4
...
Autocratic decision-making can be fast and efficient,
but it can also lead to resentment and decreased employee motivation
...
Laissez-faire decision-making
gives employees the most autonomy, but it can also lead to disorganization and
poor decision quality
...
The different stages of the creative process are: preparation, incubation,
illumination, and evaluation
...
By understanding the psychological factors that
influence employee motivation, job satisfaction, and decision-making, managers can
create a more supportive and productive work environment
...
They can also use leadership theories, such as
transformational leadership, to inspire and motivate their employees to achieve their
goals
...
By understanding the cognitive biases that can
influence decision-making, managers can create a more objective and rational decisionmaking environment
...

Overall, managerial psychology can be a powerful tool for improving employee
performance and organizational productivity
...

PAPER # 8

**Section A: Multiple Choice (20 points)**
Select the correct answer for each of the following questions
...
Which of the following best defines managerial psychology?
a) The study of how managers think and make decisions
...

c) The study of marketing and consumer behavior
...


**Answer: a) The study of how managers think and make decisions
...
What is the primary focus of motivation theories in managerial psychology?
a) Understanding human resources
...

c) Exploring unconscious desires
...


**Answer: b) Enhancing employee satisfaction
...
In the context of organizational behavior, what does "perception" refer to?
a) How employees interpret their surroundings
...

c) Employee job satisfaction
...


**Answer: a) How employees interpret their surroundings
...
Which leadership style focuses on empowering employees to make their own
decisions and take initiative?
a) Autocratic leadership
...

c) Laissez-faire leadership
...


**Answer: c) Laissez-faire leadership
...
What is the term for the phenomenon where employees conform to group decisions
to maintain harmony and avoid conflict, even if it contradicts their personal beliefs?
a) Groupthink
...

c) Hierarchical obedience
...


**Answer: a) Groupthink
...
Explain the concept of emotional intelligence and its importance in the context of
managerial psychology
...
In the
context of managerial psychology, emotional intelligence is crucial because it can
improve interpersonal relationships, enhance leadership skills, and contribute to better
decision-making
...


25

7
...
(10 points)

**Answer:** Reinforcement theory is based on the idea that behavior is influenced by
its consequences
...
For example, providing praise or bonuses for outstanding performance can
reinforce positive behavior
...
For instance, eliminating an
unpleasant task after achieving a goal can reinforce the desired behavior
...
This may involve reprimanding or disciplinary actions for poor
performance
...


8
...
(10 points)

**Answer:** Diversity in the workplace refers to differences in attributes among
employees, such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and more
...


b) Improved Decision-Making: Diverse groups are more likely to make well-informed
decisions, as they consider a broader range of viewpoints
...


d) Attracting and Retaining Talent: Organizations that value diversity are more
attractive to a wider pool of talent, which can lead to improved recruitment and
retention
...
Discuss the concept of leadership in the context of managerial psychology
...

Provide examples to support your discussion
...
There are several leadership styles,
each with its unique approach and potential impact on organizational effectiveness
...
While this style can be efficient in certain situations, it
often leads to a lack of employee engagement and creativity
...


**Transformational Leadership:** Transformational leaders inspire and motivate their
team members to achieve their full potential
...
For example, a transformational leader may
inspire a marketing team to develop groundbreaking advertising campaigns that
captivate customers
...
While this can empower
employees, it can also lead to a lack of direction and coordination, particularly in
complex projects
...
While this can ensure consistency and compliance, it can stifle
innovation and adaptability
...


**Servant Leadership:** Servant leaders prioritize the needs of their team members,
aiming to serve and support them
...
An example might be a manager
who regularly checks in with employees to understand their needs and provide
necessary resources
...
The key is to adapt the leadership style to the specific context and
needs of the organization and its employees
...


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KEYWORDS:

1
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3
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Exam Paper
5
...
BBA Study Material
7
...
Managerial Psychology Answers
9
...
BBA Curriculum
11
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Psychology in Management
13
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Study Guide

28

15
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Managerial Psychology Test
17
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Managerial Psychology Solutions
19
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BBA Degree
21
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Business Exam Material
23
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Managerial Psychology Case Studies
25

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