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b) Fundamental attribution error
c) Cognitive dissonance
d) Confirmation bias

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Define cognitive dissonance
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**Section 3: Essay Questions (75 points)**

Answer both essay questions
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**Leadership Styles** (40 points)
Compare and contrast two leadership styles commonly discussed in managerial
psychology, such as transformational leadership and servant leadership
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Provide real-world examples to
support your arguments
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**Workplace Stress and Coping** (35 points)
Workplace stress can have a significant impact on employee well-being and
organizational performance
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Discuss strategies that managers can employ to help
employees cope with stress and create a healthier work environment
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**Model Answer Key:**

(Answers may vary, but here are some model responses for reference
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b) Patience
2
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d) Self-actualization needs
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c) Transformational leadership

**Section 2: Short Answer**

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For example, a manager who advocates for
work-life balance but consistently expects employees to work long hours may
experience cognitive dissonance
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It's essential for
managers because it enhances interpersonal relationships, communication, and
decision-making, contributing to better leadership and team dynamics
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Intrinsic motivation stems from internal factors, like personal interest or a sense of
accomplishment
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Extrinsic motivation comes from external factors, such as
money or praise
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**Section 3: Essay Questions**

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Transformational leaders inspire and motivate employees by appealing to their higher
ideals and values
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Servant
leaders prioritize the well-being of their team members and emphasize empathy and
service to others
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It can lead to reduced productivity, absenteeism,
and health problems
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For example, a company
could provide flexible work hours, access to counseling services, and encourage open
communication between employees and managers
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Managerial psychology is the study of:
o

A
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o

B
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o

C
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o

D
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Job satisfaction
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Pay and benefits
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Recognition and rewards
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Company culture
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Which of the following is a type of leadership style?

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o

A
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o

B
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o

C
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o

D
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4
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
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Big Five Personality Test
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NEO Personality Inventory
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All of the above
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Which of the following is a type of organizational culture?
o

A
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o

B
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o

C
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o

D
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Part B: Short Answer (5 marks each)
1
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What are the four main leadership styles?
3
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What are the three main types of organizational culture?
5
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Answers:
Part A:
1
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D

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3
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D
5
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The three main types of motivation are intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation,
and amotivation
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The four main leadership styles are autocratic leadership, participative
leadership, laissez-faire leadership, and transformational leadership
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The four main personality types according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI) are introverted (I) or extroverted (E), sensing (S) or intuitive (N), thinking
(T) or feeling (F), and judging (J) or perceiving (P)
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The three main types of organizational culture are clan culture, adhocracy
culture, and hierarchy culture
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The three main steps in the decision-making process are identifying the problem,
generating solutions, and evaluating and selecting a solution
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

Build and maintain effective relationships with employees
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

Select and develop employees
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By understanding the principles of managerial psychology, managers can be more
effective in their jobs and lead their teams to success
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It is an important

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field of study because organizations are made up of people, and people are complex
creatures
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Motivation is the driving force behind human behavior, and it is essential for employees
to be motivated in order to perform their jobs effectively
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Managerial psychology can also help managers to build and maintain effective
relationships with employees
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In addition, managerial psychology can help managers to create a positive work
environment
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Managerial psychology can teach managers how to create a
positive work environment by promoting teamwork, collaboration, and creativity
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When hiring new employees, it is important to select those who are qualified for the job
and who will fit in well with the company culture

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