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Title: Circulatory system
Description: This notes would help you undestand the circulatory system in a easy way, this document is mostly for sudents of first year.
Description: This notes would help you undestand the circulatory system in a easy way, this document is mostly for sudents of first year.
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Circulatory
System
What’s the circulatory system?
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular
system, is like a network of roads in our body
...
The heart
Consists of
...
Its main function is to pump
blood throughout the body, allowing
oxygen and nutrients to reach the
cells and waste products to be
removed
...
Myocardium: This is the heart muscle,
responsible for pumping blood
throughout the body by contracting
...
The heart has four chambers:
1
...
Left atrium: receives oxygen-rich blood
...
Ventricles (lower chambers):
Right ventricle: sends blood to the lungs
...
There are also four valves that control blood flow:
Tricuspid valve: separates the right atrium from
ventricle
...
Pulmonary valve: separates the right ventricle
pulmonary artery
...
How much the heart works?
The heart is the hardest working muscle in the human
body
...
Over a normal lifespan, the human heart
will beat more than 3 billion times, pumping nearly a
million barrels of blood
...
Arteries and veins
Arteries: They carry oxygenated blood
from the heart to the body
...
Veins: They return deoxygenated blood
back to the heart
...
Arteries structure
Walls: Arteries have thick, elastic walls that allow them to
withstand the high pressure of blood pumped from the heart
...
Middle layer: primarily made of smooth muscle and elastic tissue,
allowing arteries to expand and contract
...
Types of artiries
Coronary Arteries: They supply blood to the heart muscle
...
Systemic Arteries: They carry oxygenated blood from the
left ventricle of the heart to the entire body
...
Estructure of veins
Veins have thinner and more flexible walls than arteries due
to lower blood pressure
...
Middle layer: contains less smooth muscle and elastic
tissue
...
Additionally, many veins, especially in the extremities, have
one-way valves that prevent the backward flow of blood,
facilitating its return to the heart, particularly in the legs
...
These veins are
important for regulating body temperature
...
They are larger and carry
most of the blood back to the heart
...
The blood
Blood is an important fluid that circulates throughout our body
...
White Blood Cells: They help fight diseases and infections
...
Plasma: This is the liquid that transports all of the above and carries
nutrients and waste
...
Circulatory system functions
Transport of Oxygen and Nutrients: Blood carries
oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body
...
Waste Removal: Blood collects waste products, such
as carbon dioxide and urea, and carries them to the
lungs and kidneys for elimination from the body
...
Immune Defense: White blood cells in the blood help
protect us from diseases by recognizing and attacking
germs like bacteria and viruses
...
Title: Circulatory system
Description: This notes would help you undestand the circulatory system in a easy way, this document is mostly for sudents of first year.
Description: This notes would help you undestand the circulatory system in a easy way, this document is mostly for sudents of first year.