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Title: Metabolism
Description: In depth about metabolism and its purpose and history. Definitions of energy and it's different forms. It also includes information on the laws of thermodynamics. Definitions on enzymes and its purpose. Also feedback in the metabolism.
Description: In depth about metabolism and its purpose and history. Definitions of energy and it's different forms. It also includes information on the laws of thermodynamics. Definitions on enzymes and its purpose. Also feedback in the metabolism.
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Section 1
➢ Metabolism (from the Greek: metabole, change) is an emergent property of life that crises
from interactions between molecules within the orderly environment of the cell
...
➢ Anabolic pathway, in contrast, consume energy to build complicated molecules from
simpler ones; biosynthetic pathways
...
Energy that is not kinetic is
called potential energy, it is energy that matter possesses because of its location or
structure
...
➢ Thermodynamics the study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of
matter
○ Closed systems
○ Open systems
➢ First law of thermodynamic energy can be transferred and transformed, but it can not be
created nor destroyed
➢ Second law of thermodynamic every energy transfer or transformation increase the
disorder (entropy) of the universe
...
○
G =
H T
S
■
G: Free energy
■
H: Symbolizes the change in the system’s enthalpy
■
S: Is the change in the system’s entropy
■ T: Is the absolute temperature in Kelvin (K)
...
Section 3
➢ Cell’s three main kinds of work
○ Mechanical work
○ Transport work
○ Chemical work
➢ A key feature in the way cell manage their energy resources to do this work is energy
coupling, the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
...
➢ The key to coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions is the formation of this
phosphorylated intermediate, which is more reactive than the original unphosphorylated
molecule
...
➢ An enzyme is a catalytic protein
➢ The initial investment of energy for starting a reaction the energy required to contort the
reactant molecules so the bonds ca change is known as the free energy of activation
energy
○ AB + CD > AC + BD
➢ This induced fit is like a clasping handshake
➢ Many enzymes require non proteins calipers for catalytic activity
○ These adjunct, called cofactors, may be bound tightly to the enzyme as permanent
residents or the may bind loosely and reversible along with substrate
➢ Only a restricted region of the enzyme molecule actually binds to the substrate
...
➢ If the cofactor is an organic molecule it is more specifically called a coenzyme
...
➢ Competitive inhibitors, reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from
entering active sites
...
➢ Cooperativity, this mechanism amplifies the response of enzymes to substrates
➢ In feedback inhibitions a metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of
its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathways
Title: Metabolism
Description: In depth about metabolism and its purpose and history. Definitions of energy and it's different forms. It also includes information on the laws of thermodynamics. Definitions on enzymes and its purpose. Also feedback in the metabolism.
Description: In depth about metabolism and its purpose and history. Definitions of energy and it's different forms. It also includes information on the laws of thermodynamics. Definitions on enzymes and its purpose. Also feedback in the metabolism.