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Text book & Lab book:
Biology 101 – General Biology
Professor:
Marnie McGuirk
99% of test questions comes from notes –
Attend class!
4 credit course – expect more work than
3 credit course!
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Moodle
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The Science of Biology
Moodle
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edu
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Chapter 1
Students will be using the same username they
use for WebAdvisor as their Moodle username
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Biology – study of
living organisms, their
interactions and how
they evolved
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unit of matter
MoleculeOrganellesCells
Organismal level
Tissues- similar cells
working together
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Populational level
Population
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Species- able to breed and
offspring can breed
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Ecosystem- biolog
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&
physical habitat
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Deductive reasoning
– general principles to predict specific
results
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Deduce: If I kick ball up, it will come down
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Ex: I notice that every time I kick the ball, it
comes down
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Experiments: Infer general principles
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2nd: Hypothesis -suggested explanation
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*2
Must be: controlled experiment
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Avoid bias – double-blind studies
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Theory is supported by scientific reasoning and a
lot of experimental evidence with consistent results
that explain the facts
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NON- scientists vs
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A theory is NOT a guess
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Research paper – explain experiment and
results
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FIRST must be reviewed and accepted by
other peer scientists
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Just like Gravity
1800’s – General beliefs:
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Species didn’t change over time
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Earth was only a few thousand years old
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Argued operation of
natural laws produced
change over time,
evolution
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Challenged the literal
interpretation of Bible
evolution: modification of a species over
generations
-“descent with modification”
natural selection: individuals with superior
physical or behavioral characteristics are
more likely to survive and reproduce than
those without such characteristics
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Finch’s – different beaks
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Darwin’s Evidence
Population growth vs
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Selection:
Artificial: domesticated breeds
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“Survival of the fittest”
Over 2 decades later published:
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection or The Preservation of Favoured
Races in the Struggle for Life
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Thomas Malthus –
Clerygman and economist:
Said: Increases in a
population is limited by
food availability
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- Darwin realized that not all members of a
population survive and reproduce
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Fossil record (life on earth 2
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5 billion years
- New fossils are found all the time
- Earth is older than previously believed
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Mechanisms of heredity – Early criticism of Darwin’s
ideas were resolved by Mendel’s theories for genetic
inheritance
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molecular clocks – mutation rates over time
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The changes record the history of evolution
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• #2: Molecular basis of inheritance
– DNA – complete instructions in an
organism
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The diversity of life is
the result of evolutionary change
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Scientists test hypothesis
Hindenburg
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Hindenburg
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Blimp May 6, 1937
Hypothesis: Hydrogen, very flammable was
the cause of the disaster
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Experiment
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Results
Three 10-feet long model blimps:
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– 1 : Hydrogen filled with “neutral” skin
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(This material was used for the
original blimp)
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All 3 burned
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1st: the slowest burning
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3rd: Quickest burn, out of control fire
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How to study
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The Principle of Recitation
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“Out loud" recitation is usually the most
effective single technique for review because
it uses both auditory & vocal senses
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Learning Skills Centre at the University of Texas
Austin in - Memory and Related Learning
Principles - (1998) :
After 7 days:
Students who did NO review remembered: 33%
With review: 83%
After 63 days:
No review:14%
With review: 70%
Review your notes at least 3 times the day it is
given – it helps retention
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http://brain
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com/memory/memory_and_related_learning_prin
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• You must make sure that you understand
new material before trying to remember it
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• If you cannot, then you do not understand
them
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