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Title: Biology chapter 1
Description: the study of biology

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Text book & Lab book:
Biology 101 – General Biology
Professor:
Marnie McGuirk
99% of test questions comes from notes –
Attend class!
4 credit course – expect more work than
3 credit course!
1

2

Moodle





The Science of Biology

Moodle
...
edu



Chapter 1

Students will be using the same username they
use for WebAdvisor as their Moodle username
...




Biology – study of
living organisms, their
interactions and how
they evolved
...
unit of matter
MoleculeOrganellesCells
Organismal level
Tissues- similar cells
working together
...


Populational level
Population

Species- able to breed and
offspring can breed
...


Ecosystem- biolog
...
&
physical habitat


Deductive reasoning
– general principles to predict specific
results
...








Deduce: If I kick ball up, it will come down
...






Ex: I notice that every time I kick the ball, it
comes down
...

Experiments: Infer general principles
...

2nd: Hypothesis -suggested explanation
...
*2
Must be: controlled experiment
...

 Avoid bias – double-blind studies
...

Theory is supported by scientific reasoning and a
lot of experimental evidence with consistent results
that explain the facts
...

NON- scientists vs
...


A theory is NOT a guess
...












Research paper – explain experiment and
results
...

FIRST must be reviewed and accepted by
other peer scientists
...

Just like Gravity

1800’s – General beliefs:


Species didn’t change over time
...




Earth was only a few thousand years old
...

Argued operation of
natural laws produced
change over time,
evolution
...

Challenged the literal
interpretation of Bible

evolution: modification of a species over
generations
-“descent with modification”
natural selection: individuals with superior
physical or behavioral characteristics are
more likely to survive and reproduce than
those without such characteristics

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3

Finch’s – different beaks
...


Darwin’s Evidence
Population growth vs
...

Selection:
Artificial: domesticated breeds
...


“Survival of the fittest”

Over 2 decades later published:
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection or The Preservation of Favoured
Races in the Struggle for Life
...


Thomas Malthus –
Clerygman and economist:
Said: Increases in a
population is limited by
food availability
...




- Darwin realized that not all members of a
population survive and reproduce
...


Fossil record (life on earth 2
...
5 billion years
- New fossils are found all the time
- Earth is older than previously believed


Mechanisms of heredity – Early criticism of Darwin’s
ideas were resolved by Mendel’s theories for genetic
inheritance
...





molecular clocks – mutation rates over time
...
The changes record the history of evolution
...

• #2: Molecular basis of inheritance
– DNA – complete instructions in an
organism
...
The diversity of life is
the result of evolutionary change
...


26

Scientists test hypothesis
Hindenburg

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Hindenburg






Blimp May 6, 1937
Hypothesis: Hydrogen, very flammable was
the cause of the disaster
...


5

Experiment


Results

Three 10-feet long model blimps:
st
– 1 : Hydrogen filled with “neutral” skin
...
(This material was used for the
original blimp)
...









All 3 burned
...

1st: the slowest burning
...

3rd: Quickest burn, out of control fire
...

How to study
...


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The Principle of Recitation


“Out loud" recitation is usually the most
effective single technique for review because
it uses both auditory & vocal senses
...








35

Learning Skills Centre at the University of Texas
Austin in - Memory and Related Learning
Principles - (1998) :
After 7 days:
Students who did NO review remembered: 33%
 With review: 83%
After 63 days:
 No review:14%
 With review: 70%
Review your notes at least 3 times the day it is
given – it helps retention
...

http://brain
...
com/memory/memory_and_related_learning_prin
...

• You must make sure that you understand
new material before trying to remember it
...

• If you cannot, then you do not understand
them
...

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Title: Biology chapter 1
Description: the study of biology