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Description: Full summary with extra detail on topics in the unit, this is useful for the Unit 5 essay section.
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The causes of disease
Pathogens
Types
Exam ples
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Cholera
Bacteria
Virus
ð Parasitic
ð ‘Hide’ from immune system
ð Mutate so antigen changes
avoiding antibodies
Diagram
Influenza
HIV – human immunodeficiency
virus (attacks CD4 T cells)
Athlete’s foot – dermatophytes
Thrush (candidiasis) – infection
due to Candida
Fungus
Interfaces
Skin
Digestive system
Gas-exchange system
Bodily secretions
Inform ation
Broken skin, rapid blood clotting (fibrinogen and
prothrombin – protective proteins) seals wound
...
Cilia cells and mucus (formed by goblet cells) trap
pathogens in the nasal cavity
...
contain lysozymes
(enzymes) which inhibit bacterial growth
...
g
...
1
[EXTRA]
ð Protoctista – have two hosts; one a vector to another
...
g
...
ð Ectoparasites – feed on body surface
...
g
...
ð Endoparasites – feed inside the body
...
g
...
2
Lifestyle
Risk factors
ð Risk factors – increase chances of an individual getting a particular disease
...
ð Reducing exposure reduces chances of getting disease
...
ð Cancer:
ð Smoking (lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema)
ð Diet
ð Alcohol (cirrhosis of liver)
ð Sun exposure (overexposure to UV light can cause skin cancer)
Correlation or cause?
ð Correlation – similarity in pattern between two factors
...
ð There can be:
ð No causal relationship e
...
eating ice cream and skin cancer
...
g
...
ð Partial causal relationship e
...
obesity and CHD
...
This promotes polymerisation of
haemoglobin altering shape and elasticity of molecule
...
4
Description: Full summary with extra detail on topics in the unit, this is useful for the Unit 5 essay section.