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THERMODYNAMICS

PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES

Topics covered in this unit
(1)Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid, liquid and vapor
phases
(2) P-v T behavior of simple compressible substances, phase rule, thermodynamic
property tables and charts,
(3) Ideal and real gases, ideal gas equation of state and van der Waals equation
of state
(4) Law of corresponding states, compressibility factor and generalized
compressibility chart

Pure Substance
A substance that has a FIXED synthetic structure all throughout is called pure
substance
...
A combination of
phases of at least two or more substance is can be a pure substance in the event
that it is homogeneous, similar to ice and water (stolid and fluid) or water and
steam (liquid and gas)
...
In all the cases,
thermodynamics deals with the essential stages as it were
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Solids are closely packed three dimensional crystals
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Intermediate molecular bond strength
Liquid,
Molecular spacing is comparable to solids but their
Molecules can float about in groups
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Their molecules are at higher energy levels, they must release
Large amounts of energy to condense or freeze
...

Think about water at room temperature (25°C) and typical atmospheric pressure
(1 atm) in a piston cylinder gadget
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In the event that we heat the water, its temperature will increase; let us say until
50°C
...
As an outcome, the cylinder will move somewhat vertically to maintain
the consistent pressure (1 atm)
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As of now, any extra expansion of intensity will

vaporize some water
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The main property that changes is the specific volume
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This state
is called saturated vapor,
The state between saturated fluid (just fluid) and saturated vapor (only vapor)
where two stages exist is called saturated fluid vapor mixture
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Saturation Pressure and Saturation Temperature
Review that during a stage change, pressure and temperature are not
autonomous intensive properties
...
At the end of the day, water begins to
boil at 100 ºC yet just at 1 atm
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At a given pr

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