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PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA
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Sandmeyer Reaction
2
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Balz-Schiemann Reaction
4
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Swartz Reaction
6
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Fitting Reaction
8
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Kolbe's Reaction
10
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Rosenmund Reduction
12
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Stephen Reaction or Stephen Reduction
14
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Wolff - Kishner Reduction
16
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Aldol Condensation
18
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Friedel - Crafts Reaction
20
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Esterification Reaction or Fischer Esterification
22
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Diazotisation Reaction
24
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Hell - Volhard Zelinsky Reaction
26
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Hofmann Bromide Reaction
28
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Coupling Reaction
30
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pcmpedia
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BROMO and CHLORO ALKANES can be prepared by treating a freshly prepared
DIAZONIUM SALT with CUPPEROUS BROMIDE or CUPPEROUS CHLORIDE and
this reaction is called as SANDMEYER REACTION
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2
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But the only difference
between both of them is that here we use COPPER POWDER (Cu) in the presence
of HCl/HBr, and in SANDMEYER REACTION we use Cu2Cl2/Cu2Br2 as catalyst
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pcmpedia
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In this method DIAZONIUM
SALT is reacted with FLOUROBORIC ACID, followed by heating the complex
compound formed
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FINKELSTEIN REACTION
ALKYL IODIDE (R-I) are often prepared by the Reaction of ALKYL CHLORIDE (RCl) or ALKYL BROMIDE (R-Br) with SODIUM IODIDE (NaI) in Dry Acetone
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SWARTZ REACTION
FLOUROALKANE (ex
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– CH3CH2Cl) or BROMIDE (ex
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3
PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA
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WURTZ REACTION
ALKYL HALIDE/HALOALKANE react with metallic SODIUM in the presence of DRY
ETHER to form ALKANE containing double the no
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7
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8
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4
PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA
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KOLBE-SCHMITT REACTION
SODIUM PHENOXIDE (C6H5ONa) when heated with CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) at
400 Kelvin under a pressure of (4-7)atm followed by acidification gives
2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYLIC ACID) as the main product
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10
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This Reaction is known as REIMER TIEMANN REACTION
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pcmpedia
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The reaction is catalysed by Palladium on
Barium Sulphate
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GATTERMAN-KOCH REACTION
When Benzene or its derivative is treated with Carbon Monoxide (CO) and
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) in the presence of Anhydrous AlCl3 or CuCl2, it gives
Benzaldehyde or substituted benzaldehyde
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13
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HCl) is formed
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6
PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA
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CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION
Aldehyde and Ketone are reduced to corresponding hydrocarbon when they are
reacted with a mixture of Zinc Mercury Alloy and Concentrated HCl
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15
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7
PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA
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ALDOL CONDENSATION
In this Reaction two Molecules of an ALDEHYDE or a KETONE condense in
presence of a Dilute ALKALI (Dilute NaOH, Na2CO3, Ba(OH)2 etc
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These -hydroxyaldehydes or
ketones are collectively called ALDOLS
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CANNIZZARO REACTION
ALDEHYDES which do not contain a –hydrogen atom when treated with
concentrated ALKALI SOLUTION (NaOH) undergo disproportionation reaction,
i
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self-Oxidation/Reduction
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8
PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA
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WILLIAMSON SYNTHESIS
It is an important Laboratory method for the preparation of Symmetrical and
Unsymmetrical ETHER
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24
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25
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This reaction is known as HVZ
reaction
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pcmpedia
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28
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10
PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA
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COUPLING REACTION
Benzene diazonium chloride gets reacted with phenol in which the phenol
molecule at its para position is mixed with the diazonium salt to give phydroxyazobenzene
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CARBYLAMINE REACTION
Primary amine (both aliphatic and aromatic) when warmed with chloroform and
alcoholic KOH, gives isocyanides (carbylamines)
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Carbylamines has an offensive smell
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Preparation of Iodobenzene
Replacement of the DIAZONIUM Group by IODINE is done simply by Shaking the
DIAZONIUM SALT with KI