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Hydrochloride (R–CH=NH
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This up on Hydrolysis with boiling H2O
give Aldehyde and the Reaction is called STEPHEN REACTION
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This
reaction is called as Clemmensen Reduction
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WOLFF - KISHNER REDUCTION
Carbonyl group of Aldehydes and Ketones on treatment with Hydrazine which
on heating with Potassium Hydroxide in high boiling solvent (ethylene glycol)
reduced to CH2 group
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) to form a
-hydroxyaldehyde or -hydroxyketone resp
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As a result one molecule is oxidized to
CARBOXYLIC ACID and another molecule is reduced to ALCOHOL
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In this method an ALKYL HALIDE is allowed to react with
SODIUM ALKOXIDE
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ETARD REACTION
Chromyl chloride oxidises methyl group to get chromium complex which on
hydrolysis provides corresponding benzaldehyde
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HELL – VOLHARD ZELINSKY (HVZ) REACTION
Carboxylic acids having an α-hydrogen are halogenated at the α-position on
treatment with chlorine (Cl) or bromine (Br) in the presence of small amount of
red phosphorus to give α-halocarboxylic acid
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PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA
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HOFMANN BROMIDE REACTION
When a Primary AMIDE is treated with an Aqueous or Alcoholic NaOH (SODIUM
HYDROXIDE) or KOH (POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE) solution and BROMINE, it gives a
Primary AMINE which has one CARBON atom less than the original AMIDE
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GABRIEL PHTHALIMIDE SYNTHESIS
Phthalimide prepared with Ethanolic Potassium Hydroxide produces Potassium
salt of Phthalimide when heated with Alkyl Halide followed by Alkaline
hydrolysis forms the corresponding primary Amine
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This is called carbylamine
reaction
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This reaction is answered only by
primary amine and hence to distinguish primary amine from other classes of
amines
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